OBJETIVOS: Identificar as UTIs pediátricas do Rio de Janeiro, número de leitos, distribuição geográfica, natureza pública ou privada, tipo de atendimento e de hospital, estudar a demanda da população e elaborar propostas de melhoria na eqüidade. MÉTODOS: Foram visitadas todas as UTIs do Estado, de julho de 97 a junho de 98, levantado o número de leitos e tempo médio de permanência. Com essas informações e dados do IBGE, estabeleceu-se a necessidade de leitos e a comparação entre oferta e demanda por regiões, formulando-se propostas de melhoria na eqüidade. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 80 UTIs (excluídas seis), totalizando 1.080 leitos; 60% intensivos e 40% semi-intensivos; 57% públicos e 43% privados; 52% em UTIs neonatais exclusivas, 14% em pediátricas e 34% em mistas (65% leitos neonatais), totalizando 791 leitos neonatais (73%). A maioria das UTIs (75%) situava-se em hospitais gerais, 20% em maternidades ou hospitais materno-infantis e somente 5% eram centros universitários; a maioria na região metropolitana (89%), com 93% dos leitos para 74% da população infantil, dos quais a maioria na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (76%), com 73% dos leitos para 37% da população, enquanto que no interior existem apenas oito unidades (11%) e 79 leitos (7%) para 26% da população. CONCLUSÕES: Não há eqüidade na distribuição e no acesso aos leitos disponíveis, com carência no setor público e excesso no privado, grande concentração na região metropolitana e somente 5% das UTIs em hospitais universitários, propondo-se medidas de redistribuição e alocação de novos leitos em regiões mais carentes, associada à criação de uma central de vagas e sistema eficiente de transporte e referência.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the pediatric ICUs at Rio de Janeiro, number of beds, geographical distribution, public or private nature, type of hospital and assistance, studying population demand and to propose measures for improving equity. METHODS: All ICUs of the State were visited from July 97 to June 98, identifying number of beds and average length of stay. With this information along with demographic data from IBGE, the necessity of beds were estimated, comparing availability and demand by region, and proposing improving equity strategies. RESULTS: 80 ICUs were identified (6 excluded), totaling 1080 beds; 60% intensive and 40% semi-intensive; 57% public and 43% private; 52% in exclusive neonatal ICUs; 14% in pediatric and 34% in mixed (65% neonatal beds), totaling 791 neonatal beds (73%). The majority of ICUs (75%) were part of general hospitals, 20% were in obstetric or obstetric-pediatric hospitals, and only 5% were part of university centers; the majority were in metropolitan area (89%), with 93% of beds for 74% of state children population, of whom, the majority were in Rio de Janeiro city (76%), with 73% of beds for 37% of population, contrasting with the inner of the State, with only 8 units (11%) and 79 beds (7%) for 26% of children. CONCLUSIONS: There is no equity in the distribution and accessibility to the available beds, with lack in public and excess in private sectors, a great concentration in the metropolitan area and only 5% of ICUs at university hospitals, recommending a policy of redistribution and allocation of new beds in more needy areas, associated with the creation of an admission center along with an efficient reference and transportation system.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the HIV vertical transmission rate (VTR) and associated risk factors by use of zidovudine and infant care education in Brazil. METHODS: Since 1995, a prospective cohort of HIV infected pregnant women has been followed at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. A multidisciplinary team was established to implement the best available strategy to prevent maternal-infant HIV transmission. Patients with AIDS or low CD4 and high viral load received anti-retroviral drugs in addition to zidovudine. Children were considered infected if they had 2 positive PCR-RNA tests between 1 and 4 months of age, or were HIV antibody positive after 18 months. Education regarding infant treatment and use of formula instead of breast feeding was provided. RESULTS: Between 1995 and August, 2000, HIV status was determined for 145 infants. Compliance with intra-partum treatment, infant treatment and use of formula was 88.2%. Intra-partum zidovudine treatment was completed in 134/145 (92.6%) of patients; 88.1% had rupture of membranes < 4 hours; 85.4% of mothers were asymptomatic. The mean CD4 count was 428.4 cells and mean viral load 39,050 copies. HIV vertical transmission rate was 4/145 (2.75%; CI: 0.1%-5.4%). The only risk factor significantly associated with transmission was a failure to use zidovudine intra-partum in 2 of the 4 mothers (50% versus 6.4% in non-transmitting mothers). A trend toward low CD4 and high viral load at entry, and rupture of membranes > 4 hours were associated with increased HIV transmission. CONCLUSION: HIV vertical transmission in Brazil was reduced to a level similar to other countries with the most effective prevention programs using a multidisciplinary team approach. A high level of compliance for use of anti-retroviral drugs, the provision of health education to mothers, and use of formula for all exposed infants.

Perianal fistula, usually has a criptoglandular etiology, developing from a perianal abscess and communicating the anal mucosa with the perianal skin. The aim of this paper is to study retrospectively 241 cases of perianal fistula (172 men and 69 women; 2,5:1) aging from 7 and 80 years old (average: 37,4 years), operated on at the Hospital da Clínicas - UFMG, from 1977 to 1996. The surgical techniques and post-operative outcome have been analysed. Perianal abscesses with spontaneous drainage were the predominant etiology (132 patients; 54,8%). Eighty percent were submitted to fistulectomy as the first surgical treatment. Among early complications (78; 32,4%), local pain was the most frequent (60; 24,9%). Among the late complications (136; 56,4%) fistula recurrence (101; 41,9%) was the most frequent. There were 141 reoperations in 80 patients. Fistulectomy was the predominant surgical technique employed for the treatment (101; 71,6%). The average hospitalization time was 6,3 days until 1990 and 1,5 day from 1991 to 1996, after the advent of day-surgery beds in HC-UFMG. The surgical treatment of perianal fístula has a significant rate of post-operative complications and a high recurrence rate, in spite of the short stay in hospital.