Abstract Muscari with absorbing color is a widespread and commercial species. As a pot and bedding bulb flower has excellent adaptability and vigorous growth in late winter and early spring. The quantity and uniformity of Muscari propagation by seed and the importance of seed priming will be measured in current experiment. The selected M. neglectum populations which already were gathered in our previews research and M. armeniacum were evaluated under separated sulfuric acid (5, 15, and 20 min) and hot water (5, 15, and 20 min) scarification plus 15, 30, and 45 days stratification in a completely randomized design, four replications were planted in separate containers. Seeds of M. armeniacum only germinate (70%) by 15 min sulfuric acid plus 45-day stratification treatments. Based on the analysis of variance and mean comparison data that only were reported in M. neglectum, their seeds optimally germinated by 5 and 15 min sulfuric acid treatment plus 45-day stratification. In conclusion, M. neglectum seeds germination is tuned to take place well in mid-winter under natural conditions; on the other hand, 45 days of lengthy constant stratification and 5 min sulfuric acid priming will accelerate M. neglectum seeds germination.

Resumo Muscari é uma espécie amplamente difundida e comercial. Como planta de vaso e bulbo, a flor tem excelente adaptabilidade e crescimento vigoroso no final do inverno e início da primavera. A quantidade e uniformidade da propagação de Muscari por sementes e a importância do condicionamento fisiológico das sementes serão medidas no presente experimento. As populações selecionadas de M. negligenciaum que já foram reunidas em nossas pesquisas prévias e M. armeniacum foram avaliadas sob ácido sulfúrico (5, 15 e 20 min) e água quente (5, 15 e 20 min) escarificação mais 15, 30 min, e estratificação de 45 dias em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, 4 repetições foram plantadas em recipientes separados. Sementes de M. armeniacum só germinam (70%) após imersão por 15 min de ácido sulfúrico mais tratamentos de estratificação de 45 dias. Com base na análise de variância e nos dados de comparação de médias que foram relatados apenas em M. negligência, suas sementes germinaram de maneira ideal por 5 e 15 min de tratamento com ácido sulfúrico mais estratificação de 45 dias. Conclusão, a germinação das sementes de M. negligenciadum está ajustada para ocorrer bem no meio do inverno em condições naturais; por outro lado, 45 dias de longa estratificação constante e 5 min de condicionamento com ácido sulfúrico irão acelerar a germinação de sementes de M. negligencialum.

Abstract Introduction: Multimodal analgesia (MMA) is the current standard practice to provide post-cesarean analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of quadratus lumborum (QL) block and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as an adjunct to MMA. Method: Eighty mothers undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive either TA P or transmuscular QL block (QLB) with 20 mL 0.375% ropivacaine on each side. Postoperatively, all the subjects were assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours. The primary outcome was the time to first analgesic request. The secondary outcomes were the pain scores during rest and movement, number of doses of tramadol, postoperative nausea-vomiting, sedation, and mother’s satisfaction with the pain management. Results: The median (IQR) time to first analgesic request was 12 (9.25, 13) hours in the QL group and 9 (8.25, 11.37) hours in the TA P group (p = 0.0008). Patients in QL group consumed less doses of tramadol than those in TA P group (p < 0.0001). Pain scores were significantly lower in the QL group at all time points (p < 0.0001) except at 8th hour when at rest, p = 0.0024, and on movement, p = 0.0028. The maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in the QL group (p = 0.0017). Conclusion: Our study showed the significant delay in time to first analgesic request in QL group patients. Patients in the QL group had lower pain scores, required fewer analgesic supplements, and had more satisfaction. Nausea-vomiting and sedation were comparable.

Resumen Objetivo. Investigar el efecto de la educación con el método teach-back sobre el control del asma y la carga del cuidado familiar de estos pacientes. Métodos. Ensayo clínico cuya población de estudio fueron los pacientes remitidos a las clínicas Shahid Faghihi y Shahid Motahhari en Shiraz, Irán. Se asignaron aleatoriamente 58 pacientes con asma y sus cuidadores a los grupos de intervención y control, con un total de 29 díadas en cada grupo. Las personas del grupo de intervención recibieron formación con el método teach-back que se impartió individualmente al paciente y a su cuidador principal en tres sesiones de aproximadamente 60 minutos en tres días consecutivos. Cada sesión incluía presentaciones, técnicas prácticas y un folleto. Los pacientes y cuidadores del grupo de control no recibieron formación. Antes de la intervención y a las 4 y 8 semanas después de la misma, se aplicaron las escalas de control del asma y la de Zarit para evaluación de la carga del cuidado y, además se practicó una espirometría. Resultados. Las pruebas de medidas repetidas entre los grupos de estudio mostraron que, comparando con el grupo control, el grupo de intervención obtuvo mayor aumento del índice de capacidad vital (p=0.028) y del puntaje de control de la enfermedad (p=0.001), además, se redujo la carga del cuidado en los familiares (p<0.001). Conclusión. El presente estudio mostró que con la enseñanza de temas relacionados con el asma al paciente y a su cuidador, junto con el seguimiento y la supervisión de la enfermera, se mejora el control del asma en el paciente y también se reduce la carga del cuidador.

Abstract Objective. To investigate the effect of teach-back education on patient asthma control and family care pressure of patients with asthma. Methods. The present study is a clinical trial and the study population was patients referred to Shahid Faghihi and Shahid Motahhari clinics in Shiraz, Iran. 58 patients with asthma and their caregivers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, for a total of 29 subjects in each group. In the intervention group: the teach-back method was delivered individually to the patient and his or her primary caregiver in three sessions of approximately 60 minutes at one-day intervals. each session included presentations, practical techniques and a booklet. In this study, patients and caregivers in the control group were not trained. Before the intervention, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention, asthma control test and spirometry test were performed to evaluate asthma control; Also, before the intervention and 8 weeks after the intervention, Zarit test was performed to evaluate the care burden. Results. The findings of repeated measures tests showed that, compared to the control group, the intervention group obtained a greater increase in the vital capacity index (p=0.028) and in the disease control score (p=0.001), as well as a reduction in the burden of care on family members (p<0.001). Conclusion. The present study showed that teaching asthma related topics to the patient and her caregiver along with the follow-up and supervision of the nurse improves the asthma control of the patient and also reduces the caregiver pressure.

Resumo Objetivo. Investigar o efeito da educação com o método teach-back sobre o controle da asma e a carga do cuidado familiar destes pacientes. Métodos. Ensaio clínico no qual a população de estudo foram os pacientes enviados às clínicas Shahid Faghihi e Shahid Motahhari em Shiraz, Irã. 58 pacientes com asma e seus cuidadores foram designados aleatoriamente aos grupos de intervenção e controle, com um total de 29 díade em cada grupo. As pessoas do grupo da intervenção receberam formação com o método teach-back que se transmitiu individualmente ao paciente e ao seu cuidador principal em três sessões de aproximadamente 60 minutos em três dias consecutivos. Cada sessão incluía apresentações, técnicas práticas e um folheto. Os pacientes e cuidadores do grupo de controle não receberam formação. Antes da intervenção e às 4 e 8 semanas depois dela, se aplicaram as escalas de controle da asma e a de Zarit para avaliação da carga do cuidado e, além disso se praticou uma espirometria. Resultados. As provas de medidas repetidas entre os grupos de estudo mostraram que, comparando com o grupo de controle, o grupo de intervenção obteve maior aumento do índice de capacidade vital (p=0.028) e da pontuação de controle da doença (p=0.001), ademais de que se reduziu a carga do cuidado nos familiares (p<0.001). Conclusão. O presente estudo mostrou que o ensino de temas relacionados com a asma ao paciente e ao seu cuidador, junto com o seguimento e a supervisão da enfermeira, se melhora o controle da asma no paciente e também se reduz a carga do cuidador.

ABSTRACT The early stages of quinoa germination are sensitive to drought stress. For this purpose, a study entitled the effect of selenium in different concentrations on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes of quinoa under drought stress conditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) was investigated. The first experimental factor was seed priming with selenium (from two sources: sodium selenate and selenium nanoparticles: SeNPs ? 33.4 nm) at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 mg·L?1 concentrations, besides, no priming treatment was used as control. The second factor was drought stress with PEG 6000 in concentrations 0, –0.4, –0.8, and –1.2 MPa. Drought stress with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had a negative effect on most of the measured traits. In seeds that were primed with appropriate selenium concentrations, germination parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity as well as proline and protein content increased compared to the control treatment. Under conditions of severe stress (–1.2 MPa), the highest activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes was observed in prime with selenium nanoparticles at concentrations of 4.5, 6.0 and 4.5 mg·L?1, respectively. Concentrations higher than 3 mg·L?1 of selenium nanoparticles and concentrations of 3 mg·L?1 sodium selenate had the highest accumulation of photosynthetic pigments under control (stress-free) conditions. The present study shows that selenium priming can reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on quinoa by altering germination properties and biochemical properties.

Abstract Objective: To validate the ultrashort (5-item) Persian version of OHIP by investigating its psychometric properties. Material and Methods: Construct validity was assessed by examining the correlation between OHIP-5 scores and self-reported oral health status, judgment for dental treatment needs and the number of natural teeth. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item-total correlation. Effect size (ES) and Standardized Response Mean (SRM) were calculated for the responsiveness of the scale and factor analysis was done by measuring Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett’s sphericity test and scree plot. Results: In 430 subjects (mean age 41.56+/-11.35 years, 56% female) the correlations between OHIP-5 scores and mentioned items were significant (p<0.01) indicating sufficient construct validity. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the OHIP-5 was above the recommended 0.7 thresholds (0.809) and considered well. For evaluation of responsiveness, the ES was measured to be 5.604 and the SRM was 1.5. Moreover, in the confirmatory factor analysis, the unidimensional model for OHIP5 approved by indices (KMO=0.81, p<0.001 for Bartlett sphericity). Conclusion: The Persian version of OHIP-5 is a precise, valid, reliable and unidimensional instrument for assessing oral health-related quality of life among the general adult population.

Background: Increased popularity of vegetarianism, lactose intolerance, and the high cholesterol content in dairy products, are all factors that have recently increased the demand for nondairy probiotic products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of refrigeration on the viability of probiotics and asses some of the chemical and sensory characteristics in cornelian cherry juice. Results: The Iranian native probiotic strain (L. casei T4) showed greater viability compared to industrial types (viable count of 8.67 log cfu/mL versus <6.0 log cfu/mL at d 28). However, this most tolerant Iranian strain, could not withstand the conditions of 'Natural juice' at pH 2.6 for more than 7 d. Following a pH adjusted treatment (to pH ~3.5), the viability of the strain was improved to 28 d with some evidence of increased growth of the probiotic. However, the level of antioxidant activity, anthocyanin and phenolic compounds, revealed a slight decrease during cold storage. The changes in the chemical profile of the sample containing L. casei T4 indicated fermentation activity during cold storage. Sensory evaluation results showed significant differences between samples containing L. casei TD4 and other samples in taste, odor and overall acceptance in a complimentary way. Conclusion: The results showed that low pH and presence of inhibitor phenolic compounds of cornelian cherry juice have negative effect on viability of probiotics, especially industrial strains during refrigerated storage.

This work aimed to study the grain yield components and plant characteristics related to grain yield. Twenty-four durum wheat genotypes from the ICARDA durum wheat breeding program were grown during 2006-2007 under rainfed and irrigated conditions using a complete randomized block design with three replicate in west of Iran. Correlation and path analysis were carried out. Results showed that there was strong positive association of grain yield with the number of seed/spike, biomass and harvest index. Grain yield was negatively associated with spike length and plant height in different moisture conditions. Comparatively, high genetic variation was found in grain yield and other characteristics. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used as a tool to classify the genotypes according to their grain yield ability under optimum and drought stress conditions. Among the genotypes, one of three groups of genotypes were characterized by high grain yield in optimum and drought stress conditions. These genotypes could be used as source of germplasm for breeding for drought tolerance.