Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify whether (FFM), maturity status (MS) and chronological age (CA) are determinants of physical fitness performance, and to analyze FFM and physical performance aligned by CA and MS in children and adolescents. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 863 schoolchildren. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), FFM, fat mass (FM), MS (Age at peak height velocity, APHV) were calculated. The physical tests of velocity 20 m, agility 5 m × 10rep, and horizontal jump (HJ) were evaluated. Results: The APHV was estimated in boys at 14.0 ± 0.36APHV and in girls at 11.96 ± 0.49APHV. The relationships between CA and APHV with FFM was r = 0.80 in boys and r = 0.44 to 0.45 in girls. The relationships between FFM and physical tests in boys were [HJ (r = 0.70), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.68), velocity (r = -0.61)] and in girls [HJ (r = 0.42), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.52), velocity (r = -0.20)]. The differences in FFM and physical fitness tests were more pronounced when aligned by APHV than by CA. Conclusion: It was verified that both FFM, CA, and APHV are determinants of physical fitness performance. In addition, the APHV should be introduced in physical education as a means of ranking physical performance among schoolchildren.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en futbolistas profesionales en cinco temporadas. Se efectuó un estudio transversal (comparativo). Se estudió a 120 futbolistas, donde cada cohorte por año se evaluó a 24 futbolistas. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 37 años. Se evaluó a los futbolistas al inicio de cada temporada en los años 2012 a 2016: Se midió el peso, la estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos (Tríceps, subescapular, supra-iliaco, abdominal, muslo y pantorrilla). Se calculó el Índice de Masa corporal IMC, % de grasa, la masa grasa y masa libre de grasa MLG. El tejido adiposo se agrupó en tres grupos (brazo: (tricpes+subescapular, tronco: suprailiaco+abdominal, Piernas: muslo+pantorrilla). Hubo diferencias en el peso corporal, la estatura, la sumatoria de los 6 pliegues y la MLG a lo largo de los 5 años. [año 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7.8kg, estatura: 177.6±5.7cm, Pliegues: 58.7±12.8mm, MLG: 64.5±6.3mm), año 2013: (Peso: 77.8±6.4kg, Estatura: 178,4±4.4, Pliegues: 60.1±15.9mm, MLG:66.3±3.5mm), año 2014: (Peso: 74.9±5.7kg, Estatura: 177.0±5.8cm, Pliegues: 54.4±14.7mm, MLG: 64.5±4.5kg), año 2015: (Peso: 74.1±6.8kg, Estatura: 176.1±5.5cm, Pliegues: 54.9±15.6mm, MLG: 63.8±4.6kg), año 2016: (Peso: 72.7±kg, Estatura: 175.3±6.9kg, Pliegues: 50.8±12.mm, MLG: 62.8±5.9kg)]. Este estudio verificó que el perfil antropométrico y el tejido adiposo de los futbolistas fueron disminuyendo en cada temporada, mientras que la MLG reflejó similares valores en cada uno de las cohortes evaluadas.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal em jogadores profissionais de futebol durante cinco temporadas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal (comparativo). Foi estudado um total de 120 jogadores de futebol, onde cada coorte por ano foram avaliados 24 jogadores. A faixa etária era de 18 a 37 anos. Os futebolistas foram avaliados no início de cada temporada, nos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram medidas altura, peso, seis dobras da pele (tríceps, subescapular, supra ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e calcanhar). Foram calculados índice de massa corporal IMC, % de gordura, massa de gordura e massa livre de gordura MLG. O tecido adiposo foi agrupado em três grupos (braço: tríceps + subescapular, tronco: suprailíaco + abdominal, pernas: coxa + calcanhar). Houve diferenças no peso corporal, na altura, a soma de 6 dobras e a MLG ao longo dos 5 anos: ano 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7,8kg, Altura: 177,6±5,7cm, Dobras: 58,7±12,8mm, GLM: 64,5±6,3mm), ano 2013 (Peso: 77,8±6,4kg, Altura: 178,4±4,4, Dobras: 60,1±15,9mm, GLM:66,3±3.5mm), ano 2014 (Peso: 74,9±5,7kg, Altura: 177,0±5,8cm, Dobras: 54,4±14,7mm, GLM: 64,5±4,5kg), ano 2015 (Peso: 74,1±6,8kg, Altura: 176,1±5,5cm, Dobras: 54,9±15,6mm, GLM: 63,8±4,6kg), ano 2016 (Peso: 72,7±kg, Altura: 175,3±6,9kg, Dobras: 50,8±12,mm, GLM: 62,8±5,9kg). Este estudo verificou que o perfil antropométrico e o tecido adiposo dos jogadores de futebol diminuíram em cada temporada, enquanto que a MLG refletiu valores similares em cada um dos coortes avaliados.

Abstract The present cross-sectional (comparative) study aimed to compare the anthropometric and body composition parameters in professional soccer players over five seasons. It was conducted on 120 soccer players grouped in a cohort of 24 subjects per year. The age range was 18 to 37 years. The footballers were evaluated at the beginning of each season from 2012 to 2016; weight, height, six skin folds (triceps, subscapularis, supra-iliac, abdominal, thigh, and calf) were evaluated from 2012 to 2015. The Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, fat mass, and FFM were calculated. The adipose tissue was grouped into three groups: arm (triceps + subscapular), trunk (supra iliac + abdominal), and legs (thigh + calf). Body weight, height, the sum of the 6 folds, and the MLG varied during the 5 years. For 2012 the results were the following: Weight, 76.6 ± 7.8kg; Height, 177.6 ± 5.7cm; Folds, 58.7 ± 12.8mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 6.3mm). In 2013, these were the results: Weight, 77.8 ± 6.4kg; Height, 178, 4 ± 4.4; Folds, 60.1 ± 15.9mm; MLG, 66.3 ± 3.5mm). These were the measures obtained in 2014: Weight, 74.9 ± 5.7kg; Height, 177.0 ± 5.8cm; Folds, 54.4 ± 14.7mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 4.5kg ). And these were of the year 2015: Weight, 74.1 ± 6.8kg; Height, 176.1 ± 5.5cm; Folds, 54.9 ± 15.6mm; MLG, 63.8 ± 4.6kg). Finally, in 2016 these were the measures collected: Weight, 72.7 ± kg; Height, 175.3 ± 6.9 kg; Folds, 50.8 ± 12.mm; MLG, 62.8 ± 5.9kg. This study verified that the soccer players' anthropometric profile and adipose tissue decreased each season, while the MLG reflected similar values in each of the evaluated cohorts.