Abstract Background: Recently, a new HF entity, with LVEF between 40-49%, was presented to comprehend and seek better therapy for HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) and borderline, in the means that HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) already has well-defined therapy in the literature. Objective: To compare the clinical-therapeutic profile of patients with HF with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF) with HFpEF and HFrEF and to verify predictors of hospital mortality. Method: Historical cohort of patients admitted with decompensated HF at a supplementary hospital in Recife/PE between April/2007 - August/2017, stratified by LVEF (< 40%/40 - 49/≥ 50%), based on the guideline of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2016. The groups were compared and Logistic Regression was used to identify predictors of independent risk for in-hospital death. Results: A sample of 493 patients, most with HFrEF (43%), HFpEF (30%) and HFmrEF (26%). Average age of 73 (± 14) years, 59% men. Hospital mortality 14%, readmission within 30 days 19%. In therapeutics, it presented statistical significance among the 3 groups, spironolactone, in HFrEF patients. Hospital death and readmission within 30 days did not make difference. In the HFmrEF group, factors independently associated with death were: valve disease (OR: 4.17, CI: 1.01-9.13), altered urea at admission (OR: 6.18, CI: 1.78-11.45) and beta-blocker hospitalization (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.08-0.97). In HFrEF, predictors were: prior renal disease (OR: 2.84, CI: 1.19-6.79), beta-blocker at admission (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.12-0.72) and ACEI/ ARB (OR: 0.21, CI: 0.09-0.49). In HFpEF, only valve disease (OR: 4.61, CI: 1.33-15.96) and kidney disease (OR: 5.18, CI: 1.68-11.98) were relevant. Conclusion: In general, HFmrEF presented intermediate characteristics between HFrEF and HFpEF. Independent predictors of mortality may support risk stratification and management of this group.

Abstract Background: Recently, a new HF entity, with LVEF between 40-49%, was presented to comprehend and seek better therapy for HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) and borderline, in the means that HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) already has well-defined therapy in the literature. Objective: To compare the clinical-therapeutic profile of patients with HF with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF) with HFpEF and HFrEF and to verify predictors of hospital mortality. Method: Historical cohort of patients admitted with decompensated HF at a supplementary hospital in Recife/PE between April/2007 - August/2017, stratified by LVEF (< 40%/40 - 49/≥ 50%), based on the guideline of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2016. The groups were compared and Logistic Regression was used to identify predictors of independent risk for in-hospital death. Results: A sample of 493 patients, most with HFrEF (43%), HFpEF (30%) and HFmrEF (26%). Average age of 73 (± 14) years, 59% men. Hospital mortality 14%, readmission within 30 days 19%. In therapeutics, it presented statistical significance among the 3 groups, spironolactone, in HFrEF patients. Hospital death and readmission within 30 days did not make difference. In the HFmrEF group, factors independently associated with death were: valve disease (OR: 4.17, CI: 1.01-9.13), altered urea at admission (OR: 6.18, CI: 1.78-11.45) and beta-blocker hospitalization (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.08-0.97). In HFrEF, predictors were: prior renal disease (OR: 2.84, CI: 1.19-6.79), beta-blocker at admission (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.12-0.72) and ACEI/ ARB (OR: 0.21, CI: 0.09-0.49). In HFpEF, only valve disease (OR: 4.61, CI: 1.33-15.96) and kidney disease (OR: 5.18, CI: 1.68-11.98) were relevant. Conclusion: In general, HFmrEF presented intermediate characteristics between HFrEF and HFpEF. Independent predictors of mortality may support risk stratification and management of this group.

FUNDAMENTO: A ecocardiografia sob estresse é uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica na cardiopatia isquêmica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a importância da ecocardiografia sob estresse com dipiridamol (EEDI) na investigação de isquemia miocárdica em mulheres e sua capacidade de predizer eventos combinados (morte cardiovascular, infarto agudo do miocárdio [IAM], angina instável, procedimentos de revascularização miocárdica [cirúrgica ou percutânea] em um seguimento médio de 16 meses. MÉTODOS: EStudo prospectivo, com utilização do protocolo de dipiridamol na dose de 0,84 mg em 10 minutos, associado à atropina (0,25 mg/min até 1,0 mg). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 147 mulheres. A EEDI foi positiva em 14 pacientes (9,5%), negativa em 128 (87,1%) e inconclusiva em 5 (3,4%). Eventos ocorreram em 8 pacientes, 7 tinham EEDI positiva. Os outros 138 não tiveram eventos. Desses, 128 tinham EEDI negativa. A sensibilidade, a especificidade, a acurácia, os valores preditivos positivo e negativo do teste frente aos eventos foram respectivamente: 83%, 95%, 94%, 42% e 99%. A sobrevida livre de eventos para pacientes com EEDI negativa foi de 99,2%, comparada com 58% para EEDI positiva (p < 0,001). A análise univariada identificou o resultado do EEDI, o eletrocardiograma (ECG) basal, a fração de ejeção do VE, a dislipidemia, o índice de movimentação parietal do VE de repouso e pico, antecedentes de IAM, de revascularização miocárdica, como fatores prognósticos associados aos desfechos. Os resultados da EEDI e do ECG basal permaneceram com associação significativa com os desfechos na análise multivariada (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O ECG basal e o EEDI positivo foram variáveis independentes para a ocorrência de desfechos. O EEDI apresentou excelente valor preditivo negativo, confirmando sua utilidade na avaliação prognóstica em tais pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Stress echocardiography is an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of dipyridamole stress echocardiography (DSE) in the investigation of myocardial ischemia in women and its ability to predict combined events (cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction [AMI], unstable angina, coronary artery bypass grafting [surgery or percutaneous intervention] at an average follow-up of 16 months. METHODS: A prospective study using the protocol of dipyridamole at 0.84 mg in 10 minutes, associated with atropine (0.25 mg/min up to 1.0 mg). RESULTS: This study evaluated 147 women. DSE was positive in 14 patients (9.5%), negative in 128 (87.1%) and inconclusive in 5 (3.4%). Events occurred in 8 patients, 7 had positive DSE. The other 138 did not present any events. Our of these, 128 had negative DSE. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the positive and negative predictive values of the test before the events were respectively: 83%, 95%, 94%, 42% and 99%. The event-free survival for patients with negative DSE was 99.2% compared with 58% for positive DSE (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis identified the DSE result, basal electrocardiogram (ECG), LV ejection fraction, dyslipidemia, wall motion score index at rest and peak, history of AMI, coronary artery bypass grafting, as prognostic predictors related to outcomes. The results of DSE and ECG remained significantly associated with outcomes in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The baseline ECG and positive DSE were independent variables for the occurrence of outcomes. The DSE showed excellent negative predictive value, confirming its usefulness in evaluating prognosis in such patients.

FUNDAMENTO: La ecocardiografía bajo estrés es una importante herramienta diagnóstica y pronóstica en la cardiopatía isquémica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la importancia de la ecocardiografía bajo estrés con dipiridamol (EEDI) en la investigación de isquemia miocárdica en mujeres y su capacidad de predecir eventos combinados (muerte cardiovascular, infarto agudo del miocardio [IAM], angina inestable, procedimientos de revascularización miocárdica [quirúrgica o percutánea] en un seguimiento medio de 16 meses. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, con utilización del protocolo de dipiridamol en la dosis de 0,84 mg en 10 minutos, asociado a la atropina (0,25 mg/min hasta 1,0 mg). RESULTADOS: Fueron evaluadas 147 mujeres. La EEDI fue positiva en 14 pacientes (9,5%), negativa en 128 (87,1%) e inconclusiva en 5 (3,4%). Eventos ocurrieron en 8 pacientes, 7 tenían EEDI positiva. Los otros 138 no tuvieron eventos. De esos, 128 tenían EEDI negativa. La sensibilidad, la especificidad, la precisión, los valores predictivos positivo y negativo del test frente a los eventos fueron respectivamente: 83%, 95%, 94%, 42% y 99%. La sobrevida libre de eventos para pacientes con EEDI negativa fue de 99,2%, comparada con 58% para EEDI positiva (p < 0,001). El análisis univariado identificó el resultado del EEDI, el electrocardiograma (ECG) basal, la fracción de eyección del VI, la dislipidemia, el índice de movimiento parietal del VI de reposo y pico, antecedentes de IAM, de revascularización miocárdica, como factores pronósticos asociados a los desenlaces. Los resultados de la EEDI y del ECG basal permanecieron con asociación significativa con los desenlaces en el análisis multivariado (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: El ECG basal y el EEDI positivo fueron variables independientes para la ocurrencia de desenlaces. El EEDI presentó excelente valor predictivo negativo, confirmando su utilidad en la evaluación pronóstica en tales pacientes.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a importância da ecocardiografia sob estresse pela dobutamina (EED) na estratificação de risco de pacientes com angina instável (AI) de baixo a moderado risco, quanto à capacidade de predizer os eventos clínicos combinados (morte de causa cardiovascular, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), AI recorrente, necessidade de revascularização miocárdica) no seguimento de 6 meses. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico. Os pacientes incluídos estavam internados, assintomáticos havia 24 horas e a medicação em uso não era suspensa para a realização do exame. O EED era realizado preferencialmente até 72 horas da chegada ao hospital. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 95 pacientes consecutivos. O EED foi positivo para isquemia em 40 pacientes (42,1%) e em 55 (57,9%), foi negativo. Eventos ocorreram em 28 pacientes, 26 dos quais tinham o EED positivo para isquemia miocárdica. Os outros 67 pacientes não tiveram eventos; desses, 53 tinham o EED negativo. A sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, valor preditivo positivo e negativo do teste frente aos desfechos foram: 92,9%, 79,1%, 83,2%, 65% e 96,4%, respectivamente. Sobrevida livre de eventos após 6 meses para os pacientes com EED negativo foi de 96%, comparada com 35% nos que tiveram o EED positivo (p<0,001). A análise univariada identificou classificação da AI, fração de ejeção do VE, índice de movimentação parietal do VE pré e pico, resultado do EED e antecedentes de IAM prévio como fatores prognósticos associados com os desfechos. Somente a variável resultado do EED permaneceu com uma associação significativa com o desfecho através da análise multivariada (p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: O EED apresentou excelente valor preditivo negativo, permitindo alta hospitalar precoce dos pacientes, sem necessidade de exames adicionais. O resultado do exame foi o único fator prognóstico independente para os eventos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in the risk stratification of low to moderate risk unstable angina (UA) patients, to predict the combined clinical outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent UA and the need of revascularization procedures in a 6 month period. METHODS: Multicenter prospective study. Patients should be admitted to the hospital and asymptomatic in the last 24 hours. The exam was performed up to 72 hours from the hospital admission and no medication was stopped prior to the test. RESULTS: Ninety-five consecutive patients were evaluated by DSE. Forty patients (42,1%) had a positive ischemic test and fifty five (57,9%) had a negative one. Clinical events occurred in twenty eight patients, twenty six of whom had a positive test. The rest of the patients (67) did not have clinical events and fifty three of them, had a negative test. The sensibility, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test related to the clinical events were: 92,9%, 79,1%, 83,2%, 65% and 96,4%, respectively. Event-free survival after 6 months for pacients with a negative DSE was 96% compared to 35% for those with a positive DSE (p<0,001). The UA classification, left ventricular ejection fraction, rest and peak wall motion score index, DSE result and history of previous MI were associated with the combined end point by univariate analysis. The test result was the only independent predictor of cardiac events by multivariate analysis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: O DSE has shown an excellent negative predictive value allowing for early hospital discharge without further exams. The positive test result was the only independent predictor for adverse cardiac events.