Abstract An error in Figure 2 of the work: Braga JRM, Ramalho RD, Sousa JCC de, Almeida IL de. 2022. Scorpions from Ceará State, Brazil: Distribution and ecological comments. Revista Peruana de Biología. 29(1):e21205-e21205. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i1.21205. Due to an editorial mistake, the latest authors version of figure 2 was not considered. The correction refers to the image of Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello, 1922. Image: Relrison Dias. The article files that indicate in the dates of the editorial process: “Correction [Fig 2]: 05/10/2022”, already include the change.

Resumen Un error en la Figura 2 del trabajo: Braga JRM, Ramalho RD, Sousa JCC de, Almeida IL de. 2022. Scorpions from Ceará State, Brazil: Distribution and ecological comments. Revista Peruana de Biología. 29(1):e21205-e21205. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i1.21205. Por error editorial no se consideró la última versión de la figura 2 que los autores enviaron. El cambio se refiere a la imagen de Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello, 1922. Image: Relrison Dias. Los archivos del articulo que indican en las fechas del proceso editorial: “Corrección [Fig 2]: 10/05/2022”, ya incluyen el cambio.

Abstract Scorpions are venomous synanthropic arachnids, in 2019 they were responsible for more than 37000 cases of envenomation in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. To update the knowledge about the scorpiofauna in Ceará, a distribution list of scorpions collected/received by municipal agents of the Health Surveillance Service was performed in 165 municipalities (89%) of Ceará (2018 - 2019) and deposited in the Dr. Thomaz Corrêa Aragão Entomology Laboratory scientific collection, including species distribution maps and ecological data. This study included a total of 999 scorpions from two families (Buthidae and Bothriuridae) and eleven species. The most abundant species were: Tityus stigmurus (40.1%), Jaguajir rochae (37.2%), Bothriurus asper (8.3%) and Bothriurus rochai (6.7%), mainly inhabiting municipalities in the Caatinga biome. The first record of Tityus confluens and Tityus maranhensis in the Sobral mesoregion is herein presented, expanding the distribution of these species in Brazil.

Resumen Los escorpiones son arácnidos sinantrópicos venenosos; durante el año 2019 fueron responsables de más de 37000 casos de envenenamiento en el estado de Ceará, noreste de Brasil. Para actualizar el conocimiento sobre la escorpiónofauna en Ceará, se realizó una lista de distribución de escorpiones recolectados / recibidos em las agencias municipales del Servicio de Vigilancia de Salud de 165 municipios (89%) de Ceará (2018 - 2019), y depositados en la colección científica de Entomología del laboratorio Dr. Thomaz Corrêa Aragão, junto con mapas de distribución de especies y datos ecológicos. Este estudio incluyó un total de 999 escorpiones pertenecientes a dos familias (Buthidae y Bothriuridae) y once especies. Entre ellos, los más abundantes fueron: Tityus stigmurus (40.1%), Jaguajir rochae (37.2%), Bothriurus asper (8.3%) y Bothriurus rochai (6.7%), que habitan principalmente municipios en el bioma Caatinga. Aquí se presenta el primer registro de Tityus confluens y Tityus maranhensis en la mesorregión de Sobral, ampliando la distribución de estas especies en Brasil.

ABSTRACT: Currently, the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) represents the main agricultural area of the country, comprising a great variety of landscapes and soils, geological formations and vegetation patterns, as well as the major watershed. We studied the hydropedology and morphometry of a representative catchment (Frutal river), on a high tableland (Chapada) in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil, describing the soil-water-landscape relationships to understand land use and water resources. To this end, we applied physical, chemical, micromorphological, and morphometric methods. When dry, compaction was observed in well-structured Ferralsols (Latossolos) with medium texture under intensive agriculture, reducing the water recharge capacity. The soil carbon stock was highest in hydromorphic savannas (veredas), reaching an organic matter content of 316.8 g kg-1 in the studied Umbric Gleysols, representing poorly drained lowlands. Physical and micromorphological properties were relevant parameters to understand the water recharge in soil; in agricultural fields, bulk density tended to increase and hydraulic conductivity to decrease, particularly under long-term sugarcane; morphometric parameters in the Frutal catchment indicated a low flooding risk and high flow capacity. This reinforces the need for soil conservation strategies to enhance water infiltration and groundwater recharge, with a view to maintain the water longer in the catchment. For surface water dynamics, slope morphology is an important property, affecting soil erosion, water retention and crop productivity.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to report the use of the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap for the treatment of the sternal wound dehiscence. Methods: A retrospective study including patients who underwent unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap was performed for the treatment of sternotomy dehiscence due to coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, congenital heart disease correction and mediastinitis, between 1997 and 2016. Data from the epidemiological profile of patients, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and mortality rate were obtained. Results: During this period, 11 patients had their dehiscence of sternotomy treated by unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap. The patients had a mean age of 54.7 years, the mean hospital stay after flap reconstruction was 17.9 days (from 7 to 52 days). In two patients, it was necessary to harvest a flap from the rectus abdominis fascia, in association with the pectoralis major muscle flap, to facilitate the closure of the distal wound. In the postoperative period, seroma discharge from the surgical wound was observed in six patients, five reported intense pain (temporary), three had partial cutaneous dehiscence, and two presented granuloma of the incision. Conclusion: The complex wound from sternotomy dehiscences presents itself as a challenge to surgical teams. Treatment should include debridement of necrotic tissue and preferably coverage with well-vascularized tissue. We propose that the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap is an interesting and low morbidity option for the reconstruction of sternal wound dehiscences, with proper sternum stability and satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

ABSTRACT The application of wastewater to irrigate soils may be an attractive option for paper mills, especially when the effluents can also provide nutrients to plants. Since there could be negative environmental effects, such activity must be preceded by a thorough evaluation of the consequences. The changes in soil quality of a Neossolo Flúvico Distrófico (Typic Udifluvent) were evaluated over a period of six years of irrigation with treated effluent from a wood pulp company. Although effluent application for six years did not affect soil resistance to penetration and soil hydraulic conductivity, it promoted a decrease in the mean size of aggregates and an increase in clay dispersion. Effluent application increased soil pH but did not change exchangeable Ca and Mg contents and organic carbon. After a full rotation of eucalyptus cultivation common in Brazil (six years), no negative effects in tree growth were found due to effluent irrigation. However, effluent addition caused higher values of Na adsorption ratio and intermediate electrical conductivity in the soil, which indicates a possible negative effect on soil quality if the application continues over a longer period. Therefore, a monitoring program should be carried out during subsequent crop rotations, and alternatives must be studied to obtain better effluent quality, such as adding Ca and Mg to the wastewater and using gypsum in the soil.

RESUMO A pera está entre as frutas de maior interesse comercial no mundo e é a fruta mais importada pelo Brasil. A produção brasileira é muito pequena, e a qualidade da fruta não tem padrão comercial adequado, em função da falta de adaptação das peras de qualidade às condições edafoclimáticas brasileiras. O sucesso da cultura no País, entre outros fatores, pode estar associado à escolha das cultivares comerciais, polinizadoras e porta-enxertos mais bem adaptados às condições edafoclimáticas locais, dependendo, portanto, das indicações de um zoneamento agrícola. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, na região Sul do Brasil, zonas climáticas homogêneas com potencial para plantios comerciais de pereiras europeias e asiáticas, por meio de estudos de riscos climáticos. As regiões foram delimitadas pela disponibilidade estacional de horas de frio (<7,2 oC) acumuladas no período entre maio e setembro, e pelo risco mensal de ocorrência de déficit hídrico. A análise permitiu o reconhecimento de quatro zonas homogêneas para produção comercial de peras na região Sul.

ABSTRACT Pear is among the fruits of major commercial interest in the world and one of the most imported in Brazil. Brazilian production is very small and the fruit quality is low, due to production problems. The success of culture in the country, among other factors, may be linked to the choice of cultivars, pollinating and rootstocks better adapted to local conditions, and thus depend on the particulars of an agricultural zoning. The aim of this study was to identify, in southern Brazil, homogeneous climatic zones with potential for growing of European and Asian pears, through climate risk studies. The regions were defined by the seasonal availability of chilling hours (<7.2 °C) accumulated during the period from May to September and the monthly risk of drought. The analysis allowed the recognition of four homogeneous areas for the production of pears in southern Brazil.

In many aerospace applications, it is important to produce hydro-repellent surfaces because water and ice accumulation could lead to malfunctioning of the part or component with a potential critical failure. In this study, it was investigated the texturing of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) by applying a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, aimed at the surface characterization by microscopy, X-ray diffraction, roughness and nano-indentation tests as well as free fall drop test. The experimental procedure aimed to understand the influence of three variables: (N) the number of laser runs 1, 2, 5 and 10; (V) laser speeds of 25, 50 and 100 cm/s and (P) laser power of 5, 10 and 20 W on the microstructure and the hydrophobic behavior. The Vickers hardness and elastic modulus of laser processed surfaces were similar to the untreated surfaces. When the number of the laser runs (N) increased, a TiO phase amount increases as a result of increasing heat input. The measured roughnesses decreased with increasing P as a direct result of remelting. As the number of runs (N) increases the surface became more and more flat, consequently the overlapping runs induced polishing of the titanium surfaces. The mean roughness Ra attained 0.23 µm after 10 runs at V=100m/s and P=10W, compared to Ra=0.41 µm of the virgin surface. The water repellent conditions were N1V50P05, N1V100P05, N2V25P05, N2V50P05, N5V25P05, N5V50P05, N5V100P10 and N10V25P10. These conditions were associated with a homogeneous remelted layer, low power, partial superposition of the laser shots of 50% or 75%, and a surface finish slightly rougher than the original material.

Este estudo foi centrado na avaliação química de amostras de solos provenientes de diversas estações de pesquisa na Antártica. Amostras de solos de referência foram coletadas em locais com mínimo impacto antrópico, distantes das estações de pesquisa. Locais selecionados nas vizinhanças das estações Frei Montalva e Escudero (Chile), Grande Muralha (China), Bellingshausen (Rússia) e Artigas (Uruguai) foram os pontos a priori supostamente antropizados deste estudo. O procedimento de extração sequencial (SEP) baseado no protocolo proposto pelo BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) foi aplicado para a determinação de Cu, Mn e Zn. Com o auxílio dos métodos PCA (análise de componentes principais) e PARAFAC (análise de fatores paralelos) foram extraídas informações significativas a partir dos dados brutos obtidos com SEP. As amostras de solos afetadas pelas estações de pesquisa estão associadas com elevadas concentrações de metais pesados (especialmente Cu e Zn, dentre os elementos investigados, nas frações mais lábeis de SEP aplicado). Este indício de contaminação está relacionado com o uso de óleo diesel para geração de energia pelas estações antárticas.

The aim of this study was to carry out a broad chemical investigation of selected soil samples from Antarctica, near different Antarctic scientific stations. Soil samples collected in background reference sites, with minimal human impact, far away from the stations were used as control samples. Anthropogenic places at the vicinity of the following stations Frei Montalva and Escudero (Chile), Great Wall (China), Bellingshausen (Russia) and Artigas (Uruguay) were studied as a priori human impacted sites. The sequential extraction procedure (SEP) based on the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) protocol was applied for Cu, Mn and Zn determination. With the help of PCA (principal component analysis) and PARAFAC (parallel factor analysis) methods, meaningful information was extracted from the raw data obtained from SEP procedure. Soil samples affected by the scientific stations are associated with higher heavy metal contents (especially Cu and Zn, between the investigated metals, in the most labile fractions of the SEP applied). This pollution signal is associated with diesel use for the energy generation by the Antarctic stations.

O transporte de nutrientes até as raízes é essencialmente efetuado por fluxo de massa e difusão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a contribuição desses dois mecanismos na aquisição de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e de micronutrientes catiônicos (Fe, Mn, Zn e Cu) por plantas de milho, e o volume e a composição do exsudato xilemático em resposta ao tamanho dos agregados e à disponibilidade de água. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho, retiradas sob dois sistemas de manejo: cerradão sem manejo (CER) e cultivo contínuo com milho em manejo convencional por mais de 30 anos (CCM). Os tratamentos corresponderam ao arranjo fatorial [2 x (1 + 2) x 2], sendo dois sistemas de manejo (CER e CCM), (1 + 2) solo passado em peneira de 4 mm e duas classes de agregados (< 0,5 mm e entre 0,5 e 4,0 mm), e dois potenciais de água do solo (-40 e -10 kPa). Eles foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Aos 70 dias após a semeadura, finalizou-se o ensaio. A influência do tamanho do agregado e do potencial de água do solo nos mecanismos de transporte de nutrientes é maior nas amostras de solo com maiores concentrações de nutrientes em solução, sistema CER, tendo a difusão crescido em importância na condição de maior disponibilidade de água e nos agregados < 0,5 mm. O volume de exsudato xilemático colhido de plantas de milho aumenta com a diminuição do tamanho do agregado e com o aumento da disponibilidade de água do solo, no sistema CER. As maiores concentrações de Ca e Mg no exsudato xilemático das plantas cultivadas em amostras retiradas do sistema CER, dependeram das altas concentrações desses nutrientes na solução do solo neste sistema de manejo.

Nutrients are basically transported to the roots by mass flow and diffusion. The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of these two mechanisms to the acquisition of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and cationic micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) by maize plants as well as xylem exudate volume and composition in response to soil aggregate size and water availability. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with samples of an Oxisol, from under two management systems: a region of natural savanna-like vegetation (Cerradão, CER) and continuous maize under conventional management for over 30 years (CCM). The treatments were arranged in a factorial [2 x (1 + 2) x 2] design, with two management systems (CER and CCM), (1 + 2) soil sifted through a 4 mm sieve and two aggregate classes (< 0.5 mm and 0.5 - 4.0 mm) and two soil matric potentials (-40 and -10 kPa). These were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted for 70 days after sowing. The influence of soil aggregate size and water potential on the nutrient transport mechanisms was highest in soil samples with higher nutrient concentrations in solution, in the CER system; diffusion became more relevant when water availability was higher and in aggregates < 0.5 mm. The volume of xylem exudate collected from maize plants increased with the decrease in aggregate size and the increased availability of soil water in the CER system. The highest Ca and Mg concentrations in the xylem exudate of plants grown on samples from the CER system were related to the high concentrations of these nutrients in the soil solution of this management system.

Objetivou-se, neste experimento, verificar os efeitos da adição de óleo de soja e/ou de extrato etanólico de própolis na alimentação de cabras leiteiras sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade de nutrientes, a produção e composição do leite e alguns parâmetros de fermentação ruminal. Foram utilizadas dezesseis cabras Alpinas (quatro fistuladas no rúmen). Os animais foram alocados em quatro quadrados latinos 4x4, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 dos tratamentos. Foram adicionados ao concentrado 0 ou 120 g de óleo de soja e 0 ou 10 mL de extrato etanólico de própolis/animal/dia (30% p/v de própolis bruta moída em solução alcoólica a 70% em água). As dietas foram isoprotéicas, com 11,5% de PB, e compostas de 67% de silagem de milho e 33% de concentrado à base de fubá de milho e farelo de soja. O óleo de soja reduziu os consumos de matéria seca (%PV e g/kg PV0,75), de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de carboidratos não-fibrosos; diminuiu a digestibilidade da FDN; aumentou a digestibilidade da PB e do EE e o teor de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT); reduziu a produção e aumentou os percentuais de gordura, proteína e sólidos totais no leite; aumentou o pH; e reduziu a relação acetato:propionato no líquido ruminal. Houve interação entre óleo de soja e extrato etanólico de própolis, de modo que o óleo de soja reduziu os consumos de MS, MO e FDN (em kg/animal/dia) somente na presença de própolis e aumentou o consumo de PB na ausência de própolis. O óleo de soja mostrou-se mais efetivo em alterar as variáveis analisadas que o extrato etanólico de própolis.

The objective of this experiment was to verify the effects of soybean oil and/or ethanolic extract of propolis, in the diets of dairy goats, on intake, on digestibility of nutrients, on milk production and composition and some ruminal parameters. Sixteen Alpine female goats were used, in which four animals fistulated in the rumen. The animals were allocated in four 4x4 Latin squares, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. It was added to the concentrate 0 or 120 g of soybean oil and 0 or 10 mL of ethanolic extract of propolis/animal/day (30% weight/volume of grinded crude propolis in alcoholic solution at 70% in water). The diets had the same protein content, with 11.5% CP and contained 67% corn silage and 33% concentrate based on corn and soybean meal. The soybean oil decreased the intakes of dry matter (%BW and g/kg BW0.75), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and non-fibrous carbohydrates; decreased the digestibility of NDF, increased the digestibilities of CP and EE and increased the total digestible nutrients content (TDN); decreased the production and increased the percentual contents of fat, protein and total solids in the milk; increased the pH and decreased the acetate:propionate ratio in the ruminal fluid. There was interaction between soybean oil and ethanolic extract of propolis, in which soybean oil decreased the intakes of DM, OM and NDF, in kg/animal/day, only in the presence of propolis and increased the intake of crude protein in the absence of propolis. The soybean oil was more effective in changing the evaluated variables than the ethanolic extract of propolis.

Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a fermentação da proteína de três fontes de nitrogênio (tripticase, farelo de soja e farinha de peixe), com ou sem monensina ou extrato de própolis. Foram feitas incubações utilizando 7,2 mL de tampão de McDougall, 2,0 mL de inóculo, 0,2 mL de solução etanólica contendo ou não monensina ou própolis e 84,4, 150 ou 112,5 mg/10 mL de tripticase, farelo de soja e farinha de peixe, respectivamente, em arranjo fatorial 3x3. Os frascos foram incubados anaerobicamente a 39ºC em banho-maria durante 120 horas, coletando-se amostras do meio ao longo do tempo de incubação para determinação de amônia, proteína microbiana, proteína solúvel e degradabilidade da proteína. A farinha de peixe causou menor produção de amônia que a tripticase e o farelo de soja no tratamento controle, devido à sua menor degradabilidade. Tanto a monensina como a própolis reduziram a produção de amônia nos tratamentos contendo tripticase e farelo de soja, induzindo ao acúmulo de proteína solúvel no meio de incubação. A síntese de proteína microbiana foi similar para os três alimentos, com presença ou não dos inibidores, exceto no caso da própolis que a estimulou no tratamento contendo farinha de peixe. Observou-se maior degradabilidade da proteína bruta nos tratamentos controle para o farelo de soja (73%), em relação à farinha de peixe (42%). A monensina reduziu a degradação da tripticase e do farelo de soja, pela inibição da produção de amônia, e a própolis aumentou a degradação da farinha de peixe, pelo aumento da concentração de proteína solúvel no meio. Devido ao efeito in vitro da própolis sobre a atividade de fermentação, há necessidade de realização de pesquisas para verificar o efeito da mesma sobre a fermentação ruminal e sobre o desempenho dos animais.

This experiment had as objective to evaluate protein fermentation of three nitrogen sources (trypticase, soybean meal and fish meal), with or without monensin or propolis extract addition. Incubations were done by using 7.2 mL of McDougall buffer, 2.0 mL of inocula, 0.2 mL of ethanolic solution with or without monensin or propolis and 84.4, 150 or 112.5 mg/10 mL of trypticase, soybean meal and fish meal, respectively, in a 3x3 factorial arranjement. The flasks were incubated anaerobically at 39ºC in water bath during 120 hours, and samples were collected from the media over time for ammonia, microbial protein, soluble protein and protein degradability determinations. Fish meal caused lesser ammonia production than trypticase and soybean meal in control treatment, due to its lower degradability. Monensin and propolis decreased ammonia production in the trypticase and soybean meal treatments, leading to accumulation of soluble protein in the media. The microbial protein synthesis was similar among the three feed sources and with presence or absence of inhibitors, except in the case of propolis that estimulated synthesis in the fish meal treatment. There was greater protein degradability of the control treatment for soybean meal (73%) than fish meal (42%). Monensin reduced degradation of trypticase and soybean meal, by inhibiting ammonia production, and propolis increased degradation of fish meal, by increasing soluble protein concentration in the media. Due to the in vitro effect of propolis on fermentation activity, it is necessary to carry out researches in order to verify its effect on ruminal fermentation and animal performance.