Abstract This paper compares the creep behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after different surface treatments, the plasma nitriding using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), and the deposition of SiC thin films with Cr interlayer using High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). A microstructural characterization was performed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The creep test was performed at a constant load from 500 to 600 °C and 125 to 319 MPa, and a fractographic analysis was performed. The EDS analysis of the plasma nitrided layer indicated the nitrogen presence of the compounds TiN and Ti2N and an increase in the iron concentration. Creep test results in both conditions indicated an increase in the creep resistance. Plasma nitrided condition indicated the lowest creep rate and lesser elongation, making it the most suitable in applications that require a low dimensional distortion.

Resumo No Brasil, a expansão da atividade agrícola, aliada a utilização indiscriminada de herbicidas como o glyphosate, possui relação direta com a perda da biodiversidade no Cerrado. A identificação de espécies vegetais bioindicadoras da ação de herbicidas, particularmente as nativas do Cerrado, pode auxiliar em processos de monitoramento dos impactos desse xenobiótico nas remanescentes do Cerrado. Assim, este estudo foi projetado para avaliar o possível uso de Pouteria torta, espécie nativa do cerrado, como bioindicadora da ação do glyphosate via mudanças na sua performance fisiológica. Após 16 meses de semeadura, o efeito do glyphosate foi avaliado quando aplicadas as seguintes doses: 0 (controle), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 e 1200 g e. a. ha-1. Em reposta ao glyphosate, as plantas de P. torta apresentaram redução na sua performance do processo fotossintético e no conteúdo de pigmentos cloroplastídicos, além do acúmulo de ácido chiquímico e da ocorrência de cloroses e necroses. Essas alterações demonstram a alta sensibilidade de P. torta ao glyphosate, o que potencializa a sua utilização como bioindicadora da ação desse herbicida.

Abstract In Brazil, the expansion of agricultural activity and the associated indiscriminate use of herbicides such as glyphosate is directly related to the loss of biodiversity in the Cerrado. The identification of plant species as bioindicators of herbicide action, especially species native to the area, can help in monitoring the impacts of xenobiotics in the remaining Cerrado. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the possible use of the native Cerrado species Pouteria torta as a bioindicator of glyphosate action via changes in physiological performance. At 16 months after sowing, the effect of glyphosate was evaluated by applying the following doses: 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g a.e. ha-1. In response to glyphosate, P. torta exhibited reductions in photosynthesis and chloroplastid pigment content, as well as accumulation of shikimic acid and the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis. These changes demonstrate the high sensitivity of P. torta to glyphosate and its potential for use as a bioindicator of this herbicide.

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma solução padronizada de aplicação de Tuned-Mass Dampers (TMD) para controle de vibrações em lajes baseada na análise das características de carregamentos associados à utilização humana e nas características estruturais mais comuns à engenharia contemporânea. De modo a simplificar sua aplicação técnica, a sintonização é proposta por meio da escolha de componentes pré-determinados para a montagem do TMD e pela distribuição e posicionamento dos mecanismos. A eficácia do sistema é então verificada por meio de um estudo computacional de caso de uma laje antes e depois da aplicação dos mecanismos.

Abstract This article proposes a standardized solution for the application of Tuned-Mass Dampers to the control of floor vibrations based on the characteristics of the acting loads associated to human usage and the characteristics of the most common structures of the contemporary engineering practice. In order to simplify its usage by the technical community, the tuning is proposed through the selection of pre-determined components for the assembly of the TMD and the choice of disposition and spacing of the mechanisms. The system efficacy is then verified through the computational case study of a floor before and after the application of the mechanisms.

Abstract Gold mining and ore processing are activities of great economic importance. However, they are related to generation of extremely polluted effluents containing high concentrations of heavy metals and low pH. This study aims to evaluate the optimal conditions for gold mining effluent treatment by crossflow membrane filtration regarding the following variables: nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane types, feed pH and permeate recovery rate. It was observed that retention efficiencies of NF90 were similar to those of RO membranes though permeate fluxes obtained were 7-fold higher. The optimum pH value was found to be 5.0, which resulted in higher permeate flux and lower fouling formation. At a recovery rate above 40% there was a significant decrease in permeate quality, so this was chosen as the maximum recovery rate for the proposed system. We conclude that NF is a suitable treatment for gold mining effluent at an estimated cost of US$ 0.83/m3.

Purpose We investigated the effect of antibiotics on PSA in asymptomatic patients with mild PSA elevation. Materials and Methods We prospectively evaluated, in a non-randomized design, 106 asymptomatic patients with PSA of 4-10ng/mL, with a negative digital rectal examination and with no urinary tract infection evidence for 2 years. Patients were divided into two groups: those treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks (G1) and those who were not treated (G2). PSA was taken six weeks after and prostate biopsy was performed in all patients. Results PCa was diagnosed in 25 of 106 patients (23.6%): 16 (25.0%) in G1 and 9 (21.4%) in G2 (p>0.05). PSA normalization was experienced in 24.5%. In G1, PSA returned to <4ng/mL in 15 (23.4%) patients compared to 11 (26%) patients in G2. In the patients with a positive biopsy, no significant variation was noted in PSA, fPSA, %fPSA and DPSA after antibiotic treatment. A significantly lower cancer detection rate was noted with decreased PSA, fPSA, and DPSA after antibiotic use. A PSA reduction rate of ≥10% occurred in 58.5%, and this was similar in both G1 and G2 groups. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy of PSA reduction of ≥10% were 31%, 23% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion Empirical antibiotic therapy in asymptomatic male patients is not related to PSA reduction. The greater than 10% PSA reduction after antibiotic in this population cannot postpone prostate biopsy.

Background: The probability of a newborn presenting some kind of congenital defect at birth is 2-4% and the application of methods of screening for chromosomal and structural abnormalities can reduce the prevalence of these defects at birth. Objectives: The aim of this study is to prove that it is possible to implement a screening for congenital malformations that is standardised (diagnostic sensitivity [Sen]>80% for major structural deformations and Down's syndrome) and universal (90% of pregnant women). We also want to prove that this screening reduces the rate of undiagnosed congenital defects at birth. Methods: Prospective study. We assessed 12,478 pregnant women (July 2006- September 2009). A morphological ultrasound (18-22 weeks) and a combined test were carried out as the methods for screening for congenital defects. Results: The prevalence of congenital defects was 2.26% [95% CI: 1.9-2.5] (282/12478). The ultrasound scan was performed on 99.2% of the pregnant women. There was a Sen of 79.3% [95% CI: 74.3-84.4] (196/247) for structural malformation and 95.6% [95% CI: 91.8-99.3] (110/115) for major malformations). Screening for chromosomal anomalies was performed on 95.1% of pregnant women with a Sen of 88.5% [95% CI: 79.9-99] (31/35). Conclusions: A standardised and universal screening for congenital defects reduced the prevalence of undiagnosed congenital defects at birth to 0.5%.

Antecedentes: La posibilidad de que un recién nacido presente algún tipo de defecto congénito al nacimiento es de un 2-4% y la aplicación de métodos de cribado de cromosomopatías y de malformaciones estructurales puede reducir la prevalencia de estos defectos congénitos al nacimiento. Objetivos: Demostrar que es posible la implantación de un cribado de malformaciones congénitas de garantía (sensibilidad de diagnóstico para malformaciones estructurales mayores y para síndrome de Down del 80%) y universal (aplicado al 90% de gestantes). Proponemos que la implantación de este cribado supone una disminución de la tasa de los defectos congénitos no diagnosticados al nacimiento a menos del 0,5% de los recién nacidos. Método: Estudio prospectivo. Hemos valorado 12.478 gestantes (julio 2006-septiembre de 2009). Método de cribado de defecto congénitos: test combinado asociado a ecografía morfológica (18-22 semanas) Resultados: La prevalencia de defecto congénito fue de 2,26% [IC 95%: 1,9-2,5] (282/12478). Valoración ecográfica fue del 99,2% de las gestantes. Tasa de diagnóstico de malformaciones estructurales fue de 79,3% [IC 95%: 74,3-84,4] (196/247) y 95,6% [IC 95%: 91,8-99,3] (110/115) para las malformaciones mayores. Se ofertó un cribado de cromosomopatias al 95,1% de las gestantes con una tasa de diagnóstico del 88,5% [IC 95%: 79,9-99] (31/35). Conclusiones: Un cribado de defectos congénitos universal y de garantías logró disminuir la prevalencia de defectos congénitos al nacimiento sin diagnosticar a un 0,5%.

A produção acadêmica motivada pela epidemia de HIV e Aids impulsionou as pesquisas relativas à sexualidade, configurando novos campos de investigação, em especial sobre os "gays". No entanto, não é significativa no Brasil a produção acadêmica que aborde a vulnerabilidade às DSTs a partir da identidade "lésbica". A saúde sexual das mulheres presumidamente heterossexuais tendeu a permanecer subsumida à exclusiva preocupação com a reprodução ao longo da trajetória das políticas de atenção à saúde das mulheres, mesmo frente à Aids. De forma ainda mais acentuada que a sexualidade feminina heterossexual, a homossexualidade feminina tendeu à invisibilidade na sociedade brasileira e frente ao discurso médico-ginecológico. O advento da epidemia contribuiu para a manutenção desta invisibilidade, por força da crença de que o "corpo lésbico" seria o único corpo infenso à infecção pela via sexual. A hipótese que norteou o presente trabalho está calcada na ideia de que a vulnerabilidade das lésbicas é o "passaporte" para a afirmação/inclusão de um dado marco identitário na agenda de políticas públicas.

The academic production motivated by HIV and Aids epidemic has impelled research works related to the sexuality, configurating new investigation fields, mainly about gays. However, in Brazil, the academic production which addresses to the STD vulnerability, taking the lesbian identity into account, is not significant. The sexual health of women, expected to be heterosexual, was connected to the unique preoccupation about reproduction along the course of policies in terms of the attention to women's health, even facing Aids. Increasingly, considering the heterosexual female sexuality, female homosexuality has tended, in the Brazilian society, to become invisible in the medical / gynecologic speech. The epidemic contributed to this continuing invisibility, due to strong beliefs in which the "lesbian body" would be the only one immune to the infection through the sexual via. The hypothesis guiding this paper is based on the idea that lesbians vulnerability is the "passport" for affirmation/inclusion of a certain identity mark in public policies agenda.

A produção acadêmica motivada pela epidemia de HIV e Aids impulsionou as pesquisas relativas à sexualidade, configurando novos campos de investigação, em especial sobre os "gays". No entanto, não é significativa no Brasil a produção acadêmica que aborde a vulnerabilidade às DSTs a partir da identidade "lésbica". A saúde sexual das mulheres presumidamente heterossexuais tendeu a permanecer subsumida à exclusiva preocupação com a reprodução ao longo da trajetória das políticas de atenção à saúde das mulheres, mesmo frente à Aids. De forma ainda mais acentuada que a sexualidade feminina heterossexual, a homossexualidade feminina tendeu à invisibilidade na sociedade brasileira e frente ao discurso médico-ginecológico. O advento da epidemia contribuiu para a manutenção desta invisibilidade, por força da crença de que o "corpo lésbico" seria o único corpo infenso à infecção pela via sexual. A hipótese que norteou o presente trabalho está calcada na ideia de que a vulnerabilidade das lésbicas é o "passaporte" para a afirmação/inclusão de um dado marco identitário na agenda de políticas públicas.

The academic production motivated by HIV and Aids epidemic has impelled research works related to the sexuality, configurating new investigation fields, mainly about gays. However, in Brazil, the academic production which addresses to the STD vulnerability, taking the lesbian identity into account, is not significant. The sexual health of women, expected to be heterosexual, was connected to the unique preoccupation about reproduction along the course of policies in terms of the attention to women's health, even facing Aids. Increasingly, considering the heterosexual female sexuality, female homosexuality has tended, in the Brazilian society, to become invisible in the medical / gynecologic speech. The epidemic contributed to this continuing invisibility, due to strong beliefs in which the "lesbian body" would be the only one immune to the infection through the sexual via. The hypothesis guiding this paper is based on the idea that lesbians vulnerability is the "passport" for affirmation/inclusion of a certain identity mark in public policies agenda.

Cinco espécies de anfíbios anuros ocorreram em bromélias localizadas na restinga de Praia das Neves, Município de Presidente Kennedy, Sudeste do Brasil, as quais pertenceram a quatro gêneros: Aparasphenodon, Hyla, Scinax e Trachycephalus. Quatro espécies (A. brunoi, Hyla albomarginata, Scinax altera e S. cuspidatus) foram coletadas durante o período seco (agosto de 1999), mas somente duas (A. brunoi e Trachycephalus nigromaculatus) durante o período de chuva (fevereiro de 2000). Aparasphenodon brunoi foi a espécie mais representada e é um anfíbio anuro que se esconde durante o dia, principalmente dentro da bromélia-tanque Aechmea lingulata. A dieta e alguns aspectos da fecundidade desse hilídeo foram investigados. Quinze exemplares foram coletados durante o período de seca (agosto de 1999) (11 machos e 4 fêmeas) e 14 (3 machos, 10 fêmeas e 1 juvenil) durante o período de chuva (fevereiro de 2000). A razão sexual total macho/fêmea foi de 1:1. Aparasphenodon brunoi variou no comprimento rostro-anal de 31,2 a 69,3 mm. Fêmeas eram maiores do que os machos. Apenas uma fêmea tinha ovários com ovócitos completamente desenvolvidos, em um total de 1.451 ovócitos. Os principais grupos de presas encontrados nos estômagos foram: Insecta, Myriapoda e Arachnida. Blattodea, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera (só formigas) representaram as principais presas de A. brunoi, tanto na freqüência de ocorrência quanto no número relativo de presas ingeridas e no peso. Aparasphenodon brunoi é uma espécie ameaçada de extinção em diferentes habitats no Sudeste do Brasil. Somente a proteção da cobertura vegetal de seus ambientes naturais poderá garantir a existência desse hilídeo nos próximos anos.

Five species of anuran amphibians, all belonging to the family Hylidae, were collected at Praia das Neves, municipality of Presidente Kennedy, southeastern Brazil,. The species were represented by four genera: Scinax, Hyla, Aparasphenodon, and Trachycephalus. Four species (A. brunoi, Hyla albomarginata, Scinax altera, and S. cuspidatus) were found during the dry season (August 1999), and two (A. brunoi and Trachycephalus nigromaculatus) in the rainy season (February 2000). Aparasphenodon brunoi was the most abundant species in Praia das Neves. Some reproductive aspects and feeding habits of this hylid were investigated. Aparasphenodon brunoi was found mainly inside the bromeliad Aechmea lingulata, the largest plant analyzed. Fifteen specimens were collected during the dry season (August 1999) (11 males and 4 females). During the rainy season (February 2000), we collected 14 specimens (3 males, 10 females, and 1 juvenile). Sex-ratio was 1:1. Frogs ranged in snout-vent length from 31.2 to 69.3 mm. Females were larger than males. One female had 1,451 fully developed oocytes in her ovaries. The major groups of prey found in the stomachs were: Insecta, Myriapoda, and Arachnida. Blattodea, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera (only ants) were the main food types in frequency, number, and weight. Aparasphenodon brunoi is a threatened species in many habitats of southeastern Brazil. Only natural vegetation protection may guarantee its survival during the immediate future.