Abstract: Network theory as an important role in the field of electronic and electrical engineering, for example, in signal processing, networking, communication theory, etc. The branch of mathematics known as Graph theory found remarkable applications in this area of study. A topological index (TI) is a real number attached with graph networks and correlates the chemical networks with many physical and chemical properties and chemical reactivity. The Optical Transpose Interconnection System (OTIS) network has received considerable attention in recent years and has a special place among real world architectures for parallel and distributed systems. In this report, we compute redefined first, second and third Zagreb indices of OTIS swapped and OTIS biswapped networks. We also compute some Zagreb polynomials of understudy Networks.

Abstract: Topological indices(TIs) are important numerical number associate with the molecular graph of a chemical structure/compound because due to these parameters, one can guess almost all properties of concerned structure/compound with our performing experiments. In recent years, huge amount work has been done for calculating degreedependent indices for different structures/compouds. In order to compute TIs, one need to do many calculations. Our aim of this paper is to present a simple method to compute degree-dependent TIs. We computed M-polynomials for Block Shift Networks and with the help of this simple algebraic polynomials, we recovered nine important TIs for Block Shift Networks. Our work is important for chemists, physicians and pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract Lilium and tuberose are promising geophytic flowers, which have high market demand in global floral markets. A study was conducted to optimize planting densities for cut lilium and tuberose production. Bulbs of Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ and tuberose ‘Single’ were planted on 7.5 cm, 15.0 cm and 22.5 cm between bulbs while ridge were spaced at 60 cm apart. Lilium bulbs planted at 22.5 cm took 185 d, while tuberose took 101 d to produce flowers as compared to 7.5 cm spacing (173 d and 93 d, respectively). Bulbs of lilium and tuberose planted at 22.5 cm resulted in tallest plants with highest leaf area for both tested species, 69.1 cm and 11.4 cm2 for lilium and 110.6 cm and 30.2 cm2 for tuberose, respectively. Both species had highest number of florets with longer stem/spike length and stem/spike diameter when planted 22.5 cm apart, while close planting further decrease number of buds/florets and stem/spike length. Similar results were recorded for fresh weight of a stem, while vase life and dry weight of a stem were relatively less affected by plant spacing. However, lilium and tuberose bulbs when planted at 22.5 cm plant spacing produced higher number of best quality stems for market as compared to other planting densities.

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.), a popular and economically profitable bulbous cut flower, has high demand in both Pakistan domestic and international markets on account of its attractive spikes, florets of huge forms, dazzling colors, varying sizes, and long vase life. However, its quality production is badly affected by non-uniform sprouting, poor crop stand, and old cultivars. To overcome these problems, an experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of humic acid (HA) applied along with NPK (17:17:17) and five exotic cultivars of gladiolus, ’Eminence’, ’Cantate’, ’Essential’, ’Corveira’ and ’Fado’, on uniform crop stand, growth, flowering, and quality of cut gladiolus. Among HA treatments, three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development, followed by two applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting and 3-leaf stage, proved best for early and uniform sprouting, more foliage growth per plant, greater leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll contents, earlier spike emergence, greater number of florets per spike, longer stems and spikes, and greater diameter of a spike, higher flower quality, longer vase life, higher number of cormels per clump, and greater cormel diameter and weight. Plants grown without HA and NPK application (control) or application of NPK alone, applied at planting, had poor growth, reduced yield, and inferior quality. Among cultivars, ’Fado’ performed best for commercial cultivation, considering the applications of HA.

A mosca do pêssego, Bactrocera zonata, é uma importante praga das frutas e produtos hortícolas no Sudeste Asiático e Pacífico. As estratégias de controle de moscas-das-frutas, que se baseia principalmente no uso de inseticidas, têm consequências ambientais graves, perturbando o agroecossistema, bem como eliminando os inimigos naturais. Este estudo foi orientado a explorar as potencialidades dos extratos de açafrão Curcuma longa para controle de B. zonata. Após a emergência, adultos de fêmeas de B. zonata foram continuamente alimentados, durante 16 dias, com dieta contendo 1000, 500 e 250 ppm de extrato acetônico de C. longa separadamente em gaiolas no laboratório. O extrato causou 85,00, 66,67 e 56,67 % de mortalidade em 1000, 500 e 250 ppm, respectivamente. As fêmeas foram acasaladas e postas para ovipositar separadamente em goiabas dentro das gaiolas. A inibição na progênie pupal foi 67,90, 60,74 e 51,96 % nos insetos alimentados em 1000, 500 e 250 ppm, a inibição observada na progênie adulta foi 84,68, 79,03 e 67,74%, respectivamente.

The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, is a significant pest of fruit and vegetable crops in South East Asia and Pacific region. Ccontrol strategies of fruit flies, relying chiefly on insecticides, have serious environmental consequences, disturbing the agro-ecosystem as well as eliminating natural enemies. This study was oriented at exploring the potential of turmeric, Curcuma longa, extracts to control the peach fruit fly. Freshly emerged female adults of Bactrocera zonata were continuously fed for 16 days on diet containing 1000, 500 and 250 ppm of acetone extract of Curcuma longa separately in laboratory cages. The extract caused 85.00, 66.67 and 56.67 percent mortality at 1000, 500 and 250 ppm respectively. The surviving females were mated and allowed to reproduce on clean guava fruits in separate cages. The inhibition in pupal progeny was 67.90, 60.74 and 51.96 percent in the flies fed on 1000, 500 and 250 ppm, the inhibition observed in adult progeny was 84.68, 79.03 and 67.74 percent, respectively.

In this study, resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) of 95 lines of Elite 1 synthetics, 33 lines of Elite 2 synthetics, and 51 lines of their durum parents were evaluated at the seedling stage in glasshouses at Murree, Pakistan, and at the adult plant stage under field and glasshouse conditions. Bulk inoculum collected during 2004-2005 cropping season was used in all studies. Fifty six entries (58%) of Elite 1 synthetics, 15 entries (45%) of Elite 2 synthetics, and 16 (11%) durum parental entries were found resistant at the seedling stage. In the field and glasshouse the adult plant resistance was evaluated by estimating the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Thirty three percent of Elite 1, 30% of Elite 2, and 41% of their durum parents had AUDPC ranging between 0-10 percent. Most of the genotypes resistant at the seedling stage were also resistant at the adult plant stage. Few lines possessed partial resistance as these lines had high infection types at the seedling stage, but low AUDPC at the adult plant stage. Resistance from Aegilops tauschii was identified only at seedling stage in those synthetic hexaploid wheats in which the contributing durum parent was susceptible. The synthetic hexaploid wheats found resistant in this study are potential candidates for bread wheat improvement.

En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a la roya lineal (Puccinia striiformis) de 95 líneas sintéticas elite (grupo 1), 33 líneas sintéticas elite (grupo 2), y 51 líneas de sus líneas progenitoras de duros, en estado de plántula bajo condiciones de invernadero en Murree, Pakistán, y en estado de planta adulta bajo condiciones de campo e invernadero. El inóculo colectado en masa durante el ciclo de cultivo 2004-2005 se utilizó en todos los estudios. Cincuenta y seis entradas (58%) del grupo de sintéticos elite 1, 15 (45%) del grupo de sintéticos elite 2 y 16 (11%) de los progenitores de duros fueron resistentes durante el estado de plántula. La Resistencia en planta adulta se evaluó en campo y en el invernadero mediante la estimación el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE). Treinta tres porciento del grupo elite 1, 30% del grupo elite 2 y 41% de sus progenitores de duros tuvieron un ABCPE que fluctuó entre 0-10%. La mayor parte de los genotipos resistentes en la etapa de plántula también fueron resistentes en la etapa de planta adulta. Pocas líneas tienen resistencia parcial ya que tuvieron altos niveles de infección durante la etapa de plántula, pero bajo ABCPE en la etapa de planta adulta. La resistencia de Aegilops tauschii fue identificada solamente en la etapa de plántula en aquellos trigo sintéticos hexaploides donde el progenitor de duros era susceptible. Los trigos sintéticos hexaploides resistentes en este estudio, son candidatos potenciales para utilizarse en el mejoramiento de trigo.