Abstract Technological competitiveness and emerging technologies are more necessary in the organizational strategy to cope with industrial advances and improve the nation’s economy. In this sense, technological innovation, computational developments, smart devices, and other technologies are shaping the new industrial revolutions. Therefore, the technological competitiveness and emerging technologies of industry 4.0 and industry 5.0 are holistically analyzed to identify the key elements of developed economies and emerging economies. For this, we used a bibliometric analysis with Biblioshiny, a systematic review of the literature and a content analysis. The results in terms of technological competitiveness in developed economies show the importance of the competences and engineering skills in the personnel approach; R+D+i and the supply chain in the organizational approach; and the use of emerging technologies such as the internet of things and big data. The comparison with emerging economies indicates the importance of key elements such as training and education, and skills in the personnel approach; sustainability and structure in the organizational approach; and emerging technologies such as the internet of things and digitalization.

Abstract: The present study examines mobile connectivity in Latin America’s industry 4.0 to identify gaps, opportunities, and a starting point in the formulation of strategies for technological competitiveness. SCOPUS publications are compiled from the last ten years and a bibliometric analysis is performed and processed with R, Bibliometrix, and Biblioshiny. The results show the number of authors, scientific production, and citations by continents, regions, and countries. These are contrasted with the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report from the World Economic Forum and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC) to show the digital gap. It is concluded that in Latin America there are asymmetric gaps and lack of research in I4.0, automation, and robotics. Although there is interest at the management level, this may represent future opportunities if governments and companies formulate policies and strategies focused on a digital economy with hyper-connectivity development, mobile communications, cyber-physical systems, and the Internet of things examining the relationships between customers, industries, and government.

Resumen: Este estudio analiza la conectividad móvil en la industria 4.0 (I4.0) en Latinoamérica para identificar brechas, oportunidades y estrategias de competitividad tecnológica. Para ello, se realiza un análisis bibliométrico en el cual se buscaron documentos de Scopus de los últimos 10 años y se procesaron con R, Bibliometrix y Biblioshiny. Los resultados muestran el número de autores, producción científica y citaciones de documentos por continentes, regiones y países. Estos, se contrastan con el Informe de Competitividad Global del 2019 del Foro Económico Mundial y de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) para mostrar la brecha digital. Se concluye que en Latinoamérica hay brechas asimétricas y poca investigación en I4.0, automatización y robótica. Aunque el interés directivo representa oportunidades futuras, si gobierno y empresas formulan políticas y estrategias centradas en una economía digital con desarrollo de híper-conectividad, las comunicaciones móviles, los sistemas ciber-físicos, y el internet de las cosas en la relación cliente-industria-gobierno.