Resumo As bactérias endofíticas desempenham papel fundamental na manutenção da saúde e do crescimento das plantas. Poucos estudos até o momento, no entanto, exploraram as propriedades antagônicas e promotoras de crescimento de plantas (PGP) de endófitos de Prunus cerasifera. Para esse fim, isolamos bactérias endofíticas de amostras de tecido de P. cerasifera e usamos um ensaio de placa de cultura dupla para rastrear esses micróbios quanto à atividade antagonista contra Verticillium dahliae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. graminearum e F. moniliforme. Das 36 cepas de bactérias isoladas, quatro (cepas P1, P10, P16 e P20) exibiram efeitos antagônicos contra todos os cinco patógenos modelo, e a cepa P10 exibiu o antagonista mais forte para cinco patógenos. Essa cepa P10 foi então caracterizada em profundidade por meio de avaliações fenotípicas, análises fisiológicas e sequenciamento de rDNA 16s, revelando ser uma cepa de Bacillus subtilis. A aplicação de uma suspensão de células P10 (1 × 108 UFC / mL) aumentou significativamente a germinação das sementes e o crescimento das mudas de tomate em casa de vegetação. Essa cepa P10 suprimiu ainda mais a murcha de Verticillium do tomate com incidência de doença muito menor e pontuações de índice de doença sendo observadas após o tratamento com P10 em relação a plantas não tratadas em experimentos baseados em vasos. As plantas de tomate que foram tratadas com a cepa P10 também aumentaram as enzimas relacionadas à defesa, peroxidase, superóxido dismutase e atividade da catalase após o desafio de V. dahliae em relação às plantas que não foram tratadas com essa bactéria endofítica. Os resultados revelaram que a cepa bacteriana P10 tem valor potencial como agente de biocontrole para uso na prevenção da murcha de Verticillium em tomate.

Abstract Endophytic bacteria serve key roles in the maintenance of plant health and growth. Few studies to date, however, have explored the antagonistic and plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties of Prunus cerasifera endophytes. To that end, we isolated endophytic bacteria from P. cerasifera tissue samples and used a dual culture plate assay to screen these microbes for antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. moniliforme. Of the 36 strains of isolated bacteria, four (strains P1, P10, P16, and P20) exhibited antagonistic effects against all five model pathogens, and the P10 strain exhibited the strongest antagonistic to five pathogens. This P10 strain was then characterized in-depth via phenotypic assessments, physiological analyses, and 16s rDNA sequencing, revealing it to be a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Application of a P10 cell suspension (1×108 CFU/mL) significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling growth of tomato in a greenhouse setting. This P10 strain further significantly suppressed tomato Verticillium wilt with much lower disease incidence and disease index scores being observed following P10 treatment relative to untreated plants in pot-based experiments. Tomato plants that had been treated with strain P10 also enhanced defense-related enzymes, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity upon V. dahliae challenge relative to plants that had not been treated with this endophytic bacterium. The results revealed that the P10 bacterial strain has potential value as a biocontrol agent for use in the prevention of tomato Verticillium wilt.

Resumo Kiwis são uma fruta popular em todo o mundo; No entanto, o crescimento das plantas é ameaçado por estresses abióticos como a seca e as altas temperaturas. O tratamento com niacina em plantas mostrou aumentar os níveis de NADPH, aumentando assim a tolerância a stress abiótico. Aqui, avaliamos o efeito do tratamento com spray de solução de niacina sobre os níveis de NADPH nos cultivares de kiwis Hayward e Xuxiang. Descobrimos que o tratamento por spray com solução de niacina promoveu níveis de NADPH e NADP + e diminuiu a produção de O2·- e os teores de H2O2 nas folhas durante um curto período. Nos frutos, os teores de NADPH aumentaram durante o desenvolvimento precoce, mas diminuíram mais tarde. No entanto, não se observou qualquer efeito nos níveis de NADP + ao longo do desenvolvimento do fruto. Em resumo, este relatório sugere que a niacina pode ser utilizada para aumentar NADPH oxidases, aumentando assim a tolerância ao estresse em kiwis durante o encontro de condições estressantes de curto prazo.

Abstract Kiwifruit are a popular fruit worldwide; however, plant growth is threatened by abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures. Niacin treatment in plants has been shown to increase NADPH levels, thus enhancing abiotic stresses tolerance. Here, we evaluate the effect of niacin solution spray treatment on NADPH levels in the kiwifruit cultivars Hayward and Xuxiang. We found that spray treatment with niacin solution promoted NADPH and NADP+ levels and decreased both O2·- production and H2O2 contents in leaves during a short period. In fruit, NADPH contents increased during early development, but decreased later. However, no effect on NADP+ levels has been observed throughout fruit development. In summary, this report suggests that niacin may be used to increase NADPH oxidases, thus increasing stress-tolerance in kiwifruit during encounter of short-term stressful conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of two-hour postprandial C-peptide C-pep-tide (2HPC-P) for assessing islet β-cell function in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 326 T2DM patients were enrolled into this clinical study. The correlations were analysed between 2HPC-P, 2HPC-P increment, and 2HPC-P/fasting C-peptide (FC-P) with the area under the C-peptide curve (AUC-C) after a 100 g bread challenge. Of these patients, 87 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were divided into two Groups, Group I (2HPC-P/ FC-P ≥ 3, n = 43) and Group II (2HPC-P/FC-P < 3, n = 44), and performed insulin pumpintensive therapy for two weeks, followed by follow-up for three months. Results: The positive correlations were found between the 2HPC-P, 2HPC-P increment and 2HPC-P/FC-P with AUC-C (r = 0.97, 0.88 and 0.77, respectively, p < 0.05). After the insulin pump-intensive therapy, the HOMA2 IR values showed no significantly difference (2.50 ± 0.69 vs 2.23 ± 1.36, p > 0.05), while HOMA2 B% was significantly higher (145.9 ± 56.2 vs 26.9 ± 22.4, p < 0.01) than the basic values in newly diagnosed T2DM in total. During the follow-up, more patients in Group I underwent remission than in Group II (20/43 vs 5/44). Conclusions: Two-hour postprandial C-peptide and its derivative indicators could effectively assess islet β-cell function.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar el papel del péptido C postprandial de dos horas (2HPC-P) en la evaluación de la función de las células β del islote en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: Un total de 326 pacientes de DM2 fueron inscritos en este estudio clínico. Se analizaron las correlaciones entre 2HPC-P, el incremento de 2HPC-P, y 2HPC-P/péptido C en ayunas (PCA) con el área bajo la curva del péptido C (AUC-C) tras un desafío de 100 g de pan. De estos pacientes, 87 recientemente diagnosticados con DM2 fueron divididos en dos grupos, grupo I (2HPC-P/PCA ≥ 3, n = 43) y el grupo II (2HPC-P/PCA < 3, n = 44), y, realizaron un tratamiento intensivo con bomba de insulina durante dos semanas, con un seguimiento de tres meses. Resultados: Las correlaciones positivas se encontraron entre en el 2HPC-P, el incremento de 2HPC-P, y 2HPC-P/PCA con AUC-C (r = 0.97, 0.88 y 0.77, respectivamente, p < 0.05). Después de la terapia intensiva con bomba de insulina, los valores del modelo homeostático para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina (HOMA2 IR) no mostraron diferencias significativas (2.50 ± 0.69 vs 2.23 ± 1.36, p > 0.05), mientras que los valores de HOMA2 B% fueron significativamente más altos (145.9 ± 56.2 vs 26.9 ± 22.4, p < 0.01) que los valores básicos en el DM2 recientemente diagnosticado en total. Durante el seguimiento, más pacientes en el grupo I fueron objeto de remisión que los pacientes en el grupo II (20/43 vs 5/44). Conclusiones: El péptido C postprandial de dos horas y sus indicadores derivados pudieron evaluar con eficacia la función de las células β del islote.

With people's increasing concern about food safety, cold-chain logistics distribution centre is playing an important role in preventing food from going bad. Now cold-chain logistics distribution centres have the problems of too much transportation, low degree of automation, unreasonable layout planning, complex distribution process etc. It is important to solve these problems in order to achieve efficient distribution. Firstly the modeling and simulation for the operation process of a fruits and vegetables cold-chain logistics distribution centre by using Flexsim software is realized. Then the paper analyses the preliminary output data and finds out the bottleneck and idle resources. Finally this paper makes adjustments for the system to get a better result which hopes to give a reference for the modeling and simulation for the operation process of other cold-chain logistics distribution centres.

Ziyuglycoside II is an active compound of Sanguisorba officinalis L. that has anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antibiosis, and homeostasis properties. We report here on the anticancer effect of ziyuglycoside II on human gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cells. We investigated the effects of ziyuglycoside II on cell growth, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis of this cell line. Our results revealed that ziyuglycoside II could inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cells by inducing apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest, which was associated with regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and activation of the caspase-3 pathway. Our study is the first to report the antitumor potential of ziyuglycoside II in BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. Ziyuglycoside II may become a potential therapeutic agent against gastric cancer in the future.