ABSTRACT Research on the classification and identification of crop diseases and pests can help farmers quickly prevent crop diseases and pests. A crop disease and pest identification model based on adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is raised. The model introduces swarm intelligence algorithm to optimize the features of image extraction. Then the adaptive inertia weight is used to improve the optimization performance of PSO, and the support vector is used to accurately classify crop pests and diseases. Finally, the model is trained by simulation experiment to evaluate the performance of the model and analyze the performance. The model has a good performance in the experiment, the model has a clear recognition effect in the color feature extraction of pests and diseases, and the recognition accuracy is 95.08% after combining the texture feature. Moreover, in the visual transformation of 20¡ã-40¡ã, the recognition accuracy of the model is above 90%. In practical application, the average accuracy of the model is 91.78%, which is 3.71% higher than that of the comparison algorithm. In comparison experiments, the classification accuracy of the proposed models is above 90%. The experimental outcomes denote that the proposed algorithm has good effectiveness in identifying crop diseases and pests.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report our experience of retroperitoneoscopic technique in semi-lateral decubitus position for the retroperitoneal nonadrenal ganglioneuromas in 18 patients, and to evaluate its clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to May 2016, 18 patients with retroperitoneal nonadrenal ganglioneuromas underwent retroperitoneoscopic resection. With the patients in semi-lateral decubitus position, a 4-port retroperitoneal approach was used. Data were collected on the tumor size, tumor location, perioperative outcomes, pathology, and last-known disease status. We reviewed the operative videos to identify surgical tips and tricks. Results: All procedures were carried out successfully without converting to open surgery. The tumors had an average size of 5.2cm. The mean operative time was 86.5 min, with a mean estimated blood loss of 85.4mL. There were three patients suffering from intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, all patients achieved an uneventful recovery; the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.5 days. The postoperative pathology revealed to be retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas. With a mean follow-up of 39.5 months, all patients were recurrence free. The review of the operative videos revealed several tips and tricks, including keeping peritoneum and posterior Gerota fascia intact to provide a favorable operative exposure of tumors, and placing the harmonic scalpel through different ports during tumor dissection. Conclusions: With the patient in semi-lateral decubitus position and a 4-port retroperitoneal approach, retroperitoneoscopic resection of retroperitoneal nonadrenal ganglioneuroma is a feasible, effective, and safe procedure. This approach has distinct advantages including direct access to the tumor, optimal exposure of tumor and less intraperitoneal interference.