Endogenous and environmental factors can influence the lipid contents of fishes among which, in the Amazon River, seasonal dynamics influences stand out. Herein, nine most consumed Amazonian fish species had their lipid composition evaluated in terms of effects of tissue, season and eating habits. Higher amounts of lipids were obtained from fish livers than dorsal muscles. Statistical analysis has shown that Amazonian fishes presented different lipid profiles according to their eating habits, which mainly comprised saturated fatty acids to distinguish detritivorous livers, and linolenic acid, cholesterol, polar lipids for carnivorous and piscivorous fish muscles. Furthermore, in Amazonian fish, some very important lipids for human nutrition were found, such as w-3 and w-6 fatty acids whose availability depended on the tissue metabolism and fishes’ eating habit along with the seasonal periods. For example, our findings indicated that the piscivorous fish C. monoculus presented higher levels of linoleic acid for livers than linolenic acid and the opposite occurred for muscles. The w-6 and w-3 fatty acids ratio was influenced by the season dynamic of the Amazon River and availability of food according to each specific eating habit, pointing mainly to the piscivorous fishes as the healthiest fish for human consumption.

Abstract Biodiversity is much more than what we see. Biodiversity also includes a number of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, many of which cause disease in animals, plants and man. In the Amazon, many of these organisms live in the body of repository animals that are in the forest and can jump to humans, with the potential to cause new epidemics and pandemics. In the region, we cannot discard plants as repositories for these microorganisms too. It is necessary to reduce deforestation, mining, cattle ranching at the heart of the forest and strive for “One Health” approach, improving social organization, including policies, legislation and science.