Abstract Fruit ripening promoted by the exogenous application of ethylene analogs, such as calcium carbide, has commercial advantages. Thus, the knowledge of the responses of fruits treated with ethylene-inducing agents is essential to optimize the use of these substances. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of exposure to calcium carbide on the anticipation and standardization of postharvest ripening of cajá-manga fruits. Physiologically mature fruits were exposed to calcium carbide for 24 hours at concentrations 0, 20, 40, 80, and 110 g m-3. The fruits were stored at a temperature of 28±2 °C and evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days for the loss of fresh mass, color of the epidermis and pulp given by the CIELAB color space, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the ratio between soluble solids content and titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Cajá-manga fruits treated with different concentrations of calcium carbide had their ripening anticipated without compromising their characteristics. The concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 g m-3 of calcium carbide allowed the anticipation and standardization of fruit ripening within four days during storage, while for the highest concentration (110 g m-3), complete maturation was accelerated, occurring between two and four days of storage.

Resumo O amadurecimento de frutos promovido pela aplicação exógena de análogos de etileno, como o carbureto de cálcio, tem vantagens comerciais. Assim, o conhecimento das respostas de frutos tratados com agentes indutores de etileno é essencial para otimizar o uso dessas substâncias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da exposição ao carbureto de cálcio na antecipação e na padronização do amadurecimento pós-colheita de frutos de cajá-manga. Frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram expostos ao carbureto de cálcio nas concentrações de 0; 20; 40; 80 e 110 g m-3 por 24 horas. Os frutos foram armazenados a uma temperatura de 28±2 °C e avaliados aos 0; 2; 4 e 6 dias quanto à perda de massa fresca, cor da epiderme e polpa dada pelo espaço de cor CIELAB, acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis, relação entre o teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável, e teor de vitamina C. Frutos de cajá-manga tratados com diferentes concentrações de carbureto de cálcio tiveram seu amadurecimento antecipado sem comprometer suas características. As concentrações de 20; 40 e 80 g m-3 de carbureto de cálcio permitiram a antecipação e a padronização do amadurecimento dos frutos em quatro dias, durante o armazenamento, Enquanto para a maior concentração (110 g m-3), a maturação completa foi acelerada, ocorrendo entre dois e quatro dias de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT Among the less exploited Brazilian native fruit trees, the Spondias dulcis (cajá-manga) has many uses, being their fruits appreciated in fresh consumption and its pulp used in popsicles, ice-creams, and jellies production. However, there is a lack of research on this species, being necessary more studies. This work aimed to characterize the physical and chemical quality and the genetic diversity of Spondias dulcis fruits harvested in different accessions in the municipality of Jataí - GO. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments (accessions), ten replications with ten fruits per plot, totaling a sample of 600 fruits. The fruits were evaluated for pulp and peel color, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio, and vitamin C content. The fruits from accessions M4 and M5 presented physical and chemical characteristics higher than the other plants. The evaluated accessions presented genetic variability, being the methodology employed efficiently to indicate this variability, in which the accession M2 was the most divergent.

ABSTRACT The Cerrado biome has several species that can generate income, and the cajá-manga is one of these native species with great potential but with scarce information about its morphological characterization. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the fruit, endocarp, seeds, and seedlings of cajá-manga morphologically. The fruits were evaluated by the characteristics of the length, width, and diameter of the fruit, endocarp, and seeds, the number of loculi, and the weight of fruits and endocarp. The plantlets were evaluated for the number of seedlings per endocarp, number of leaflets, number of leaflets of the 3rd and 4th leaves, stem diameter, length of the shoot and root, root and shoot dry matter and data analyzed by descriptive analysis. The morphometric characteristics of the fruits, endocarp, and seeds were analyzed using the Scott-Knott test. The morphological characteristics of the fruits, the endocarps, the seeds, and the plantlets of cajá-manga varied within the mother plants. These results can be used as a basis for future selection of plants with desirable characteristics on breeding programs.

Resumo As plantas de Anacardium humile A. St.- Hil. (cajuzinho-do-cerrado) possuem potencial produtivo, sendo seus frutos apreciados na região do Cerrado por apresentarem sabor característico; no entanto, esta espécie ainda é explorada de forma extrativista, fazendo com que sejam necessários estudos que objetivem sua domesticação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a área foliar de plantas de Anacardium humile. As folhas foram coletadas na coleção biológica de um campo de recursos genéticos e avaliadas quanto ao comprimento, largura e massa fresca, e foram escaneadas na resolução de 300 dpi para determinar a área foliar com auxílio do programa de análise de imagens ImageJ. Posteriormente, foi destacado um disco foliar na porção basal de cada folha com o auxílio de um vazador de 22,27 mm, no qual se obteve a massa fresca dos discos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, e a relação entre as características, explicadas pela correlação de Pearson no programa Rbio. Os dados foram ainda submetidos a analises de regressão para explicar a relação entre a área foliar e as medidas de comprimento, largura e peso das folhas, e para ajustar o modelo matemático adequado com o software Origin. Concluiu-se que a área foliar pode ser determinada por programas de análises de imagens que a as medidas lineares se relacionam com a área foliar.

Abstract The Anacardium humile A. St.- Hil. fruit tree has productive potential, being their fruits appreciated in the Cerrado region for having characteristic flavor, however, this species is still exploited in an extractive way, being necessary studies for its domestication. The aim of this work was to estimate the leaf area of Anacardium humile. One hundred leaves were collected in the biological collection from a genetic resources field and evaluated for length, width and fresh weight, and scanned at resolution of 300 dpi to determine the leaf area with the aid of the ImageJ image analysis program. Subsequently, a leaf disc with a diameter of 22.27 mm was detached at the basal portion of each leaf, in which the fresh weight of the discs was obtained. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and the relationship among the features explained by Pearson’s correlation with the software Rbio. The data were also subjected to regression analysis to explain the relationship between leaf area and measurements of width, length and leaf weight, and to fit the proper statistical model with the software Origin. It was concluded that leaf area can be determined by image analysis software and linear measurements are correlated to leaf area.