Abstract Fire might occur under natural conditions in the Pantanal of Brazil; however, with climate change, severe periods of drought potentiated the devasting fires in 2020, resulting in substantial wildlife loss. Considering that mammal communities are strongly affected by fire and habitat alterations, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in mammal diversity and the number of records before and one year after the fire in one region of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Parque SESC Baía das Pedras - PSBP). The data collection was performed using camera trapping between 2015 and 2017 and 2021, together with visual field observations in PSBP. We observed that the mammal assemblage composition was similar before and one year after the fire. Four species were more or less frequent in burned areas than in unburned ones. Since the fire was controlled in this area, avoiding its total destruction, and the species that fled from the surrounding areas, which were completely burnt, might be using PSBP as a refuge while the vegetation recovers elsewhere. Therefore, the PSBP might have contributed to protecting mammal species after the fire and maintaining and conserving biodiversity on a regional scale in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Abstract In studies of avian diversity, many different methods have been applied. Since methodological approaches may affect research results, the choice of a given methodology must be consistent with the scientific objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate how different methodologies with their intrinsic limitations help detect and monitor birds to evaluate how they complement each other in the survey of species. Three different assessment methods, mist nets, point counts, and autonomous acoustic recordings were used to serve this purpose in a study of different Pantanal habitats, such as savannas and forests. The point counts detected more species (126 species) than the two other methods autonomous acoustic recordings (113 species) and mist nets (79 species). We observed significant differences in the number of species detected by mist nets and the other two methods. Each survey method identified exclusive species. When comparing habitats, all three methods showed significant differences in bird species composition. Savannas were richer in bird species than forests, and replacement was the main driver responsible for the differences in beta diversity between the habitats. The three methodologies, when applied together, proved to be complementary in avian species detection.

Abstract The Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) and the Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) are two migratory waterbirds that breed simultaneously on many river beaches in South America. Both are polytypic taxa with little information about the distribution and nonbreeding (“wintering”) areas. Based on data from the literature, citizen science websites, fieldwork, and specimens housed in natural history museums, we revised the distribution of some of the main breeding colonies in South America, comparing it with continental rainy cycles to identify generalities about the role of precipitation seasonality on the defining intratropical migration routes of these species. Our data suggest that the seasonal precipitation cycle of South America directly influences the reproductive timing and distribution of both species, which is largely circumscribed by South America’s rivers. After breeding on sandy beaches during the dry season, both species disperse in small groups or even individually - not in large flocks as seen in breeding areas - making it difficult to find general migration patterns during the rainy season. Nonetheless, individuals of both species tend to follow the course of the largest rivers of the continent and even alternative routes to disperse into several areas throughout South America during the nonbreeding season.

Resumo O Pantanal, a maior área úmida do mundo, é um centro de biodiversidade e local onde vivem várias espécies ameaçadas. O crescimento e a transição da economia local são uma grande ameaça para esse ecossistema, portanto, é necessário estabelecer setores de renda sustentável. A economia local é baseada, principalmente, na pecuária, enquanto o ecoturismo se tornou importante recentemente. Este estudo, desenvolvido em duas sub-regiões do Pantanal brasileiro, a sub-região norte de Poconé, em Mato Grosso, e a sub-região sul de Nhecolandia, em Mato Grosso do Sul, demonstrou que esses dois setores econômicos podem apoiar o desenvolvimento sustentável quando conduzidos em pequena escala. A pecuária tradicional não demonstrou um efeito negativo sobre a riqueza ou abundância de espécies de mamíferos selvagens em nenhuma das áreas estudadas. Embora o ecoturismo, tambem não tenha afetado a abundância de espécies, observa-se, em poucos casos, que a riqueza de espécies foi afetada. Esses resultados são parte de um estudo de dez meses empregando câmeras trap (meio de julho a meio de outubro de 2010, fim de dezembro de 2012 a início de março de 2013 e agosto a novembro de 2013) em ambas sub-regiões. A estrutura do habitat, composta por florestas e pastagens, é o vetor mais importante para suportar a alta diversidade de espécies desse ecossistema. Esse estudo está inserido em um projeto de longo prazo de monitoramento de mamíferos silvestres do Pantanal, com o objetivo de introduzir práticas de manejo sustentável.

Abstract The Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland, is a biodiversity hotspot and home to several threatened species. The growth and transition of the local economy are a major threat to the ecosystem, and sustainable income sectors need to be established. The local economy is based mainly on cattle farming, while ecotourism has recently become important. Our study was conducted in two subregions of the Brazilian Pantanal, the northern subregion Poconé in Mato Grosso and the southern subregion Nhecolandia in Mato Grosso do Sul. Our results indicate that the two main economic sectors, cattle farming and ecotourism, can support sustainable development when operated at a small scale. Traditional cattle farming had no negative effect on mammalian wildlife richness or abundance in either of our study areas, whereas ecotourism did not affect species abundance but did affect species richness in a few cases. These results are derived from a ten-month camera-trap study (middle of July to middle of October 2010, end of December 2012 to beginning of March 2013, and middle of August to end of November 2013) conducted in both subregions. The habitats at both of our study sites consisted of a mix of forest and grassland savanna, the most important factor to support high species diversity. Our study is part of an ongoing long-term Pantanal mammal monitoring project aiming to introduce sustainable management practices.