Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a handheld NIR spectrometer for non-destructive quality analysis of apples and pears produced in the Brazilian Semi-arid region. NIR spectra were acquired with a portable spectrometer in the wavelength range of 750–1065 nm and reference analyses of dry matter content (DMC) and soluble solids content (SSC) were measured weekly during 10 weeks of storage at 0.5 °C. Spectra were pre-processed with standard normal variate and used to develop DMC and SSC models using partial least squares regression with full cross-validation. The models were validated using data not included in the calibration. Satisfactory prediction results were obtained for SSC in apples (R² = 0.58) and pears (R² = 0.55), and for DMC in apples (R² = 0.55) and pears (R² = 0.65). All prediction models showed a relative root mean square error of prediction lower than 8%. These findings indicate that the NIR spectrometer is a promising tool to be used for a rapid and non-destructive determination of internal quality traits in apples and pears.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de um espectrômetro portátil NIR na análise não destrutiva da qualidade de maçãs e peras produzidas na região semiárida brasileira. Os espectros NIR foram coletados com um espectrômetro portátil na faixa de comprimentos de onda de 750–1.065 nm, e as análises de referência de conteúdo de matéria seca (CMS) e conteúdo de sólidos solúveis (CSS) foram mensurados semanalmente durante 10 semanas de armazenamento a 0,5 °C. Os espectros foram pré-processados com a variação normal padrão e utilizados para desenvolver modelos de CMS e CSS usando a regressão dos quadrados mínimos parciais com validação cruzada completa. Os modelos foram validados externamente usando dados não incluídos na calibração. Resultados de predição satisfatórios foram obtidos para CSS em maçãs (R² = 0.58) e peras (R² = 0.55), e para CMS em maçãs (R² = 0.55) e peras (R² = 0.65). Todos os modelos de predição apresentaram raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de predição relativo menor que 8%. Estes resultados indicam que o espectrômetro NIR é uma ferramenta promissora para uma determinação rápida e não destrutiva dos atributos de qualidade interna de maçãs e peras.

ABSTRACT: Seasonal variations and production factors can influence the quality of grapes. Considering the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, differentiated by production in rainy and warmer periods of the year, the climatic conditions in each season affect the duration of the phenological phases and quality of the grapes. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the quality components during maturation of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes on different rootstocks, in rainy seasons under tropical conditions, as a support to define the harvest time. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, from Jan to Apr 2017 (cycle 1) and Dec 2017 to Apr 2018 (cycle 2) evaluating rootstocks and age of the fruits. Bunches were picked from the start of maturation to the harvest: 49, 56, 61, 64 and 68 days after fruit set (DAF) for cycle 1, and 35, 41, 48, 55, 61, and 66 DAF for cycle 2. In cycle 1 ‘IAC 572’ and ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstocks provided higher sugar contents in grapes, which was only repeated in cycle 2 for ‘Paulsen 1103’. The accumulation of anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids was favored by ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 572’ rootstocks in cycle 1, and by ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 766’ in cycle 2. A higher content of polyphenols was conferred on ‘IAC 572’ in cycle 1 and on ‘IAC 766’ in cycle 2, which also had a greater antioxidant capacity. Although there were differences between rootstocks, harvesting at approximately 64 DAF maximized grape quality for all treatments.

Abstract The increasing use of natural biodegradable polymers to preserve foods is a consequence of the concern of society with sustainability. Starch stands out amongst the natural polymers due to its great availability on a worldwide scale, high extraction yield and nutritional value, low cost, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Apart from the traditional sources, various others exist with extraction potential. The objective of this study was to identify films from different non-traditional starch sources with properties revealing their potential to be applied as coating for fruits and vegetables. The biodegradable films were prepared with three starch concentrations (2, 3 and 3.5%) for each of the following sources: cassava, yam, jackfruit seed and mango kernel. The starches from the sources studied are promising ingredients for the formulation of films, presenting good physical, optical (such as transparency) and mechanical characteristics, principally tensile strength whose maximum value was 36.63 MPa. Increases in starch concentration directly influenced the thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and puncture force. The films with the greatest potentials for use according to their characteristics were 3% cassava, 3% yam, 3.5% jackfruit seed and 2% mango.

RESUMO Inhame, mandioca, semente de jaca e amêndoa da manga têm potencial para extração de amido e utilização na indústria alimentícia ou para formulação de revestimentos biodegradáveis. Como revestimento, o amido pode ser aplicado em frutas de maturação rápida, como manga, que requer tecnologias para incrementar sua vida útil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o amido de fontes não tradicionais e avaliar o potencial como revestimento em manga ‘Palmer’. Os amidos foram extraídos de mandioca, amêndoa de manga, semente de jaca e inhame, tendo sido caracterizados para propriedades físicas, ópticas e químicas, para posterior uso como revestimentos em manga ‘Palmer’. Os revestimentos utilizados foram amido de mandioca a 3%; de semente de jaca a 3,5%; de amêndoa de manga a 3,5% e de inhame a 3,5%, que foram comparados ao controle (sem revestimento). Os frutos foram armazenados a 24,4 ± 0,3 °C e 87 ± 2% de UR e avaliados por até 12 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 5x7. O teor de amido total foi superior a 70% nas quatro fontes. Os amidos de semente de jaca e de inhame apresentaram maior teor de amilose. Os amidos das quatro fontes apresentaram baixa solubilidade em água e poder de inchamento, destacando-se o de semente de jaca. Os revestimentos mantiveram a qualidade dos frutos, destacando-se o amido de amêndoa de manga por reduzir a respiração e a perda de massa em 27,7% e 33,8%, respectivamente, bem como o da semente de jaca que também atrasou o amarelecimento da casca.

ABSTRACT Yam, cassava, jackfruit seed and mango seed kernel have potential for the extraction and use as starch in the food industry of starch or for the formulation of biodegradable coatings. As a biodegradable coating, starch can be applied in fruits characterized by a fast maturation, such as mango, which requires technologies to increase its shelf life. The aim of this study was to characterize starch from four non-traditional sources and to evaluate their potential as coating for ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Starches used were extracted from cassava, mango seed kernel, jackfruit seed, and yam, and had their physical, optical, and chemical properties characterized for later use as coatings of ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Fruits were coated with 3% cassava starch, 3.5% jackfruit seed starch, 3.5% mango seed kernel starch and 3.5% yam starch, and were compared to the control (uncoated). They were then stored at 24.4 ± 0.3 °C and 87 ± 2% RH and evaluated for 12 days. A 5x7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized experimental design was adopted. Total starch content was higher than 70% in the four sources of starch. Starches from jackfruit and yam had higher amylose content. The four sources of starch had low water solubility and swelling power, with jackfruit seed starch having the highest values. The coating sources were effective in maintaining quality, particularly mango seed kernel starch because it reduced respiratory rate and weight loss in 27.7% and 33.8%, respectively, as well as jackfruit seed starch as it delayed fruit skin yellowing.

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática de literatura de cidadania deliberativa e gestão Social tem por objetivo analisar o modo como o conceito habermasiano de cidadania deliberativa é aplicado em estudos de gestão social no Brasil. Para tanto, foram consultadas as bases de dados Periódicos Capes e Google Acadêmico, usando os descritores “cidadania deliberativa” e “gestão social”. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada em revistas classificadas no estrato Qualis Capes A2, tendo como principal periódico o Cadernos EBAPE.BR. A análise das estratégias metodológicas empregadas revela opções qualitativas, com 7 trabalhos caracterizados como ensaios teóricos e 11 estudos teóricos-empíricos, predominando a aplicação da concepção de cidadania deliberativa em territórios rurais e conselhos. Os resultados teórico-empíricos enfocam desafios e oportunidades de pesquisa e (re)afirmam que o processo de cidadania deliberativa habermasiano pode ser tomado como estratégia de gestão social. De outra forma, os textos teóricos indicam que o constructo cidadania deliberativa constitui base relevante para a construção do domínio da gestão social.

Abstract This systematic literature review about deliberative citizenship aims to synthesize, in social management studies in Brazil, the application of the concept as portrayed by Habermas. The Periódicos Capes and Academic Google databases were searched using the descriptors “deliberative citizenship” and “social management.” Most of the articles were published in journals classified in the stratum Qualis Capes A2, and in Cadernos EBAPE.BR. The analysis of the methodological strategies employed reveals qualitative options, with seven papers characterized as theoretical essays and eleven papers as theoretical-empirical, by the application of the concept of deliberative citizenship in territories and councils. The theoretical-empirical results focus on challenges and opportunities and indicate that the process of Habermasian deliberative citizenship can constitute a social management strategy. The theoretical texts indicate that the construct deliberative citizenship provides elements related to the construction of the domain of social management.

Resumen Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre ciudadanía deliberativa y gestión social tiene como objetivo analizar la aplicación del concepto habermasiano de ciudadanía deliberativa en estudios de gestión social en Brasil. Para ello, se consultaron las bases de datos Periódicos Capes y Google Académico con los descriptores “ciudadanía deliberativa” y “gestión social”. La mayoría de los artículos fue publicada en periódicos de categoría Qualis Capes A2, entre los cuales el principal es Cadernos EBAPE.BR. El análisis de las estrategias metodológicas empleadas revela opciones cualitativas, con 7 trabajos caracterizados como ensayo teórico y 11 trabajos teórico-empíricos, en los cuales predomina la aplicación de la concepción de ciudadanía deliberativa en territorios rurales y concejos. Los resultados teórico-empíricos enfocan desafíos y oportunidades de investigación y reafirman que el proceso de ciudadanía deliberativa habermasiana puede emplearse como estrategia de gestión social. Por otro lado, los textos teóricos indican que el constructo ciudadanía deliberativa es una base relevante para la construcción del dominio de la gestión social.

Resumo: Este artigo analisa o desenvolvimento rural no estado de Minas Gerais e verifica se a agricultura familiar contribuiu para explicá-lo. A análise fatorial reforça a importância de seis aspectos que influenciam o desenvolvimento rural. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural mostra que a maioria dos municípios são classificados na categoria de médio desenvolvimento rural, seguido pelas categorias de alto e baixo desenvolvimento. O modelo logit mostrou que em 45,6% dos municípios a agricultura familiar é capaz de prever o nível de desenvolvimento rural.

Abstract: This paper analyze the rural development in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and verify if family farming is a key factor in explaining it. The factor analysis reinforce the importance of the six aspects that influence rural development. The Rural Development Index show that most of the municipalities falls within the category of medium rural development followed by the categories high and low development. The multinomial logit model showed of 45.6% of municipalities, family farming is able to predict the level of rural development.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el desarrollo rural en el estado de Minas Gerais y verifica si la agricultura familiar ha contribuido a explicarlo. El análisis factorial refuerza la importancia de seis aspectos que influencian el desarrollo rural. El índice de desarrollo rural muestra que la mayoría de los municipios son clasificados en la categoría de medio desarrollo rural, seguidos por las categorías de alto y bajo desarrollo. El modelo logit demostró que en el 45,6% de los municipios la agricultura familiar es capaz de predecir el nivel de desarrollo rural.

Résumé: Cet article analyse le développement rural dans l’état brésilien de Minas Gerais et vérifie si l’agriculture familiale est un facteur clé pour l’expliquer. L’analyse factorielle renforce l’importance de six aspects. l’indice de développement rural montre que la plupart des municipalités se sont classées dans la catégorie du développement rural moyen, suivies des catégores de développement haute et basse. Le modèle logit a montré que dans 45,6% des communes, l’agriculture familiale est capable d’prévoir le niveau de développement rural.

Resumo: A formulação e a implementação de políticas públicas e programas governamentais têm ganhado destaque no cenário da administração pública brasileira; porém, ainda são escassas e incipientes as iniciativas voltadas à avaliação de políticas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), classificando os municípios brasileiros em relação ao nível de propensão à execução desta política pública. Para isso, foram elaborados dois indicadores compostos por sete variáveis que englobassem tanto a propensão de insegurança alimentar da população local quanto a necessidade de acesso ao mercado por parte da agricultura familiar local. Posteriormente, foi estimado o nível de cobertura do programa nas regiões brasileiras. Foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas multivariada Análise de Cluster para identificar agrupamentos e Análise de Discriminante para validá-los. Foi possível identificar quatro grupos de demanda do programa com características distintas significativamente validados pela Análise Discriminante. O grupo com maior demanda das ações do programa é formado por municípios com expressiva presença de agricultores familiares, baixo dinamismo econômico e alto risco de segurança alimentar, e estão localizados majoritariamente nas regiões Nordeste e Norte. Constatou-se que o PAA tem concentrado suas ações nestes municípios; porém, o nível de cobertura do programa ainda é incipiente. Demonstrou-se, também, que a taxa de cobertura por regiões ainda é desigual, indicando que algumas regiões têm sido preteridas, com destaque para o Norte e o Nordeste.

Abstract: Conception and the practice of public policies and government programs have been highlighted in the Brazilian public administration. However, the initiatives to evaluate policies are still rare and incipient. We aim to evaluate the efficiency of food acquisition Program (PAA), classifying the Brazilian municipalities according to the level of tendency to implement this public policy. In order to do this, two indicators with seven variables were elaborated that incorporates both the propensity to food insecurity from local population and local familiar agriculture access to the market. Moreover, we estimated the coverage level of the program in Brazilian regions. We used multivariate statistical techniques Cluster analysis to identify groups and Discriminant analysis to validate them. As result, it was possible to identify four groups of program demand with distinct characteristics significantly validated by discriminant analysis. The group with highest demand of program actions is formed by municipalities with significant presence of family farmers, low economic dynamism and high risk of food security. They are mostly located in the Northeastern and Northern areas. Interestingly, we noted that the PAA has focused its actions in these municipalities. However, the level of coverage of the program is still incipient. Finally, the coverage rate based on regions is still uneven, indicating that some regions have been rejected, especially in North and Northeast of Brazil.

ABSTRACT Yerba mate shows social and economic importance for the Southern Latin American countries due to its easy production and large market range. However, there is a problem to harvest the yerba mate at the correct period and to store it until processing and marketing. Thus, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the interaction among the storage in controlled atmosphere, effect of cultivation form and shelf life period on yerba mate quality after long-term controlled atmosphere storage. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement (3 controlled atmosphere conditions × 2 cultivation forms × 4 weeks of shelf life). Native yerba mate, stored under controlled atmosphere, showed higher chlorophyll concentration as compared to the cultivated one. Carotenoid concentration increased up to the third week of shelf life and thereafter remained constant, if the yerba mate was stored under ambient conditions. Oxygen partial pressure lowering allows long-term yerba mate storage, keeping its quality during four shelf life weeks at 20 °C. Controlled atmosphere is an efficient technique for yerba mate quality keeping during long-term storage and shelf life, allowing the harvest of the raw material at the correct period and the maintenance of its quality until processing and marketing. The cultivation form has a significant effect on the storage and shelf life potential of yerba mate stored under controlled atmosphere.

AbstractThe main goal of the present study was to elucidate the effect of growth regulators at harvest and postharvest quality of 'Brookfield' apples stored under controlled atmosphere through a multivariate approach. Thus, an experiment with two steps (field and storage) was carried out. The treatments in field were applied with an output of 1,000 L ha–1 of water. The following treatments were tested: Control: only water application; AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine): 0.83 kg ha–1 of Retain® applied 30 days before harvest (BH); NAA (naphthalene acetic acid): 40g ha–1of naphthalene acetic acid applied 7 days BH; Ethephon: 2.0 L ha–1 of Ethrel® applied 10 days BH; 1-MCP: 0.625µL L–1 of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene): applied during postharvest (storage); LE (low ethylene): with the allocation of potassium permanganate sachets during postharvest. Fruits treated with AVG in the field showed an opposite response to the fruits with NAA. AVG application followed by another growth regulator (AVG + Ethephon and AVG + NAA) showed an advance in maturation, nearing these fruits to the control treatment, this effect is likely related to the higher ethylene production by these fruits compared to fruits with AVG alone. AVG, 1-MCP and LE kept a similar response on quality maintenance. Ethephon application prevented the negative effect of NAA at harvest, but after storage, the combined NAA + ethephon application increased the physiological disorders, reducing internal quality.