Abstract The research aimed to understand the experience of 10 family groups in the virtual exhibition " Biodiversidade: conhecer para preservar", at the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo, observing the conversations and interactions that took place during them. To this end, families were invited to take a virtual tour and record their interactions and conversations using the Flashback Recorder program, these recordings were then coded and analyzed using the Dedoose software. After the visit, the group participated in a semi-structured interview, which was also coded and analyzed. The results of the research indicate the importance of conversations about science during interactions between adults and children and the importance of textual elements as resources to which visitors resort to base and deepen their scientific knowledge about museum objects, also being stimuli for conversations of scientific themes. In addition, it was observed that prior interest and knowledge, even when not made explicit during the visit, incite its realization, reading of textual content, and engagement with objects.

Resumo A pesquisa objetivou compreender a experiência de visitação de dez grupos familiares à exposição virtual Biodiversidade: conhecer para preservar, do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, observando as conversas e interações ocorridas durante elas. Para tal, as famílias foram convidadas a realizar a visita virtual e registrar suas interações e conversas por meio do programa Flashback Recorder, que foram codificadas e analisadas com uso do software Dedoose. Após a visita, o grupo participava de uma entrevista semiestruturada, que também foi codificada e analisada. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam o destaque das conversas sobre ciências durante as interações entre adultos e crianças e a importância dos elementos textuais enquanto recursos para os quais os visitantes recorrem para embasar e aprofundar o conhecimento científico sobre os objetos museais, sendo também estímulos para as conversas de temáticas científicas. Além disso, notou-se que o interesse e o conhecimento prévios, mesmo quando não são explicitados durante a visita, estimulam a sua realização, a leitura dos conteúdos textuais e o engajamento com os objetos.

Abstract Functional foods are those that bring benefits to human health beyond nutrition such as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, allergies and intestinal problems. Among the functional foods highly consumed worldwide, yogurt is highlighted, especially in the probiotic and symbiotic versions. The aim of this study was to use the Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a new prebiotic source for the development of functional yogurt. The identification and quantification of the fructans of the Jerusalem artichoke flour was performed and later yoghurt formulations were elaborated. These yogurts were submitted to analyses of centesimal composition, shelf life and sensorial evaluation. For the biological evaluation, a symbiotic yogurt formulation was chosen (the best accepted in sensorial evaluation) and included in the feed of New Zealand white rabbits, in the growth and final phase. The in vivo experiment had three distinct groups (control group, probiotic group and symbiotic group). At the end of 50 days of experiment, the animals were euthanized and submitted to the serological and cecal microbiota evaluation. Through this study, the prebiotic/bifidogenic capacity of Jerusalem artichoke flour was evidenced.

Abstract Rare genetic disorders are currently in the spotlight due to the elevated number of different conditions and significant total number of affected patients. The study of these disorders is extremely helpful for the elucidation of physiological processes related with complex disorders. Isolated populations are instrumental for the study of genetic disorders, considering their homogeneity and high proportion of affected patients in a small geographic area. These favorable conditions lead to the creation of a new discipline, known as “population medical genetics”, which integrates medical genetics, population genetics, epidemiological genetics and community genetics. In order to develop practical activities in this new discipline, the National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INaGeMP) was created in 2008 in Brazil. INaGeMP has developed several tools and funded numerous research activities. In this review, we highlight three successful projects developed in the first 10 years of INaGeMP activities (2008-2018): a newborn screening pilot study for MPS VI in Northeast Brazil, the study of Machado-Joseph disease in Brazilian families with Azorian ancestry, and the high twinning rate in a small town in southern Brazil. The results of these projects in terms of scientific output and contributions to the affected communities highlight the success and importance of INaGeMP.

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is an important peptide hormone involved in the reproduction and fetal development of mammals, and it is suggested that it may influence the human twinning rate. This study aimed to test such possible association, investigating the genetic polymorphisms IGF1 (CA)n and IGFBP3 rs2854744 in the population from Candido Godoi (CG), a small city located in the South of Brazil that has a high prevalence of twin births. A case-control study was performed comprising a total of 39 cases (representing about 40% of the mothers of twins who were born in CG after 1995) and 214 controls (mothers of non-twin children), 97 of whom were living in CG while 117 were living in Porto Alegre. DNA was extracted from blood leucocytes and genotyping was performed. According to the statistical analyses, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of both studied genetic polymorphisms when comparing case group with control group. Thus, our results pointed to a lack of association between IGF1 (CA)n and IGFBP3 rs2854744 polymorphisms and twin births in CG, but further investigations in other populations with different characteristics must be performed to confirm the role of IGF-I in human twinning.

Abstract In spite of many genetic studies that contributed for a deep knowledge about the peopling of the Americas, no consensus has emerged about important parameters such as the effective size of the Native Americans founder population. Previous estimates based on genomic datasets may have been biased by the use of admixed individuals from Latino populations, while other recent studies using samples from Native American individuals relied on approximated analytical approaches. In this study we use resequencing data for nine independent regions in a set of Native American and Siberian individuals and a full-likelihood approach based on isolation-with-migration scenarios accounting for recent flow between Asian and Native American populations. Our results suggest that, in agreement with previous studies, the effective size of the Native American population was small, most likely in the order of a few hundred individuals, with point estimates close to 250 individuals, even though credible intervals include a number as large as ~4,000 individuals. Recognizing the size of the genetic bottleneck during the peopling of the Americas is important for determining the extent of genetic markers needed to characterize Native American populations in genome-wide studies and to evaluate the adaptive potential of genetic variants in this population.

Abstract Musicality is defined as a natural tendency, sensibility, knowledge, or talent to create, perceive, and play music. Musical abilities involve a great range of social and cognitive behaviors, which are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Although a number of studies have yielded insights into music genetics research, genes and biological pathways related to these traits are not fully understood. Our hypothesis in the current study is that genes associated with different behaviors could also influence the musical phenotype. Our aim was to investigate whether polymorphisms in six genes (AVPR1A, SLC6A4, ITGB3, COMT, DRD2 and DRD4) related to social and cognitive traits are associated with musicality in a sample of children. Musicality was assessed through an individualized music therapy assessment profile (IMTAP) which has been validated in Brazil to measure musical ability. We show here that the RS1 microsatellite of the AVPR1A gene is nominally associated with musicality, corroborating previous results linking AVPR1A with musical activity. This study is one of the first to investigate musicality in a comprehensive way, and it contributes to better understand the genetic basis underlying musical ability.

Introdução Estudos indicam a participação de crianças pré-termo (PT) em programas de intervenção precoce (PIP), visto que as desordens coordenativas parecem ocorrer com mais frequência em escolares prematuros. Objetivos Descrever a coordenação motora (CM) global de crianças PT que participaram de um PIP; verificar a diferença da CM entre os sexos e correlacionar os resultados coordenativos das crianças PT com a idade gestacional (IG) e o peso ao nascimento (PN); e comparar os resultados da CM entre crianças PT e a termo (AT). Materiais e métodos 57 crianças (5-6 anos) – 20 PT, que participaram do PIP, e 37 AT. Para análise da CM, utilizou-se o Teste de Coordenação Corporal para Crianças – Körperkoordination für Kinder (KTK). Para as comparações, utilizaram-se o Teste t de Student para amostras independentes e o Teste de Mann-Whitney (α = 0,05), além da correlação de Pearson para verificar influência da IG e do PN nos resultados coordenativos. Resultados 80% das crianças PT demonstraram CM normal; as meninas apresentaram melhor desempenho nas tarefas trave de equilíbrio e saltos laterais e no resultado da CM correspondente ao somatório dos escores brutos das tarefas; a IG e o PN não influenciaram na CM e não houve diferença entre as CM das crianças PT e AT. Conclusão As crianças PT apresentaram, em sua maioria, níveis satisfatórios de CM, e as meninas apresentaram melhores resultados. Além disso, a IG e o PN não interferiram nos resultados coordenativos. Por fim, não houve diferença de desempenho coordenativo entre as crianças PT e AT.

Introduction Studies recommend a participation by preterm children (PT) in Early Intervention Programs (EIP), as the coordination dysfunctions appear to occur more frequently in premature school children. Objectives Describe the global motor coordination (MC) in PT children that participate in an EIP; verify the difference in MC between the sexes and correlate the coordination results of PT children and those with gestation age (GA) and the birth weight (BW); and compare the results of MC between PT children and full-term children (FT). Materials and methods 57 children (5-6 years old) – 20 PT that participate in EIP, and 37 FT. For the analysis of MC, it was used the Körperkoordination für Kinder (KTK) – Test of Body Coordination for Children. To the comparisons, it was used independent-samples T-test and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05), and the Pearson correlation to verify the influence of GA and BW in the coordinated results. Results 80% of the PT children presented normal MC; the girls demonstrated a better performance on the tasks balance beam and lateral jumps and with regard to the MC corresponding to the sum of the gross scores on the tasks; the GA and BW did not influence MC; and, there was no difference between MC in PT and FT children. Conclusion The PT children presented, in their majority, satisfactory levels of MC, and the girls presented better results. In addition, the GA and BW did not interfere in the MC results. Lastly, there was no difference in the coordination performance between PT and FT children.

The pharmacological manipulation with selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRIs) can modify the operation of the serotonergic system and may facilitate or inhibit the action of this system, inducing changes in the morphology of the skeletal muscle of rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the treatment with fluoxetine during the critical period of the animal´s life on development of the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles, under the aspects of weight, the number of nuclei of myocyte cells and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Twenty four (30 and 90-day-old) male Wistar rats were used. They were treated with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%; 1 ml/100 g of body weight) or fluoxetine (10 mg; 1 ml/100g of body weight). The animals were divided in Saline Group (GS-30 and GS-90) and Fluoxetine Group (GF-30 and GF-90). The fluoxetine group showed a reduction on weight (g) of soleus (p=0.046) and lateral gastrocnemius (p=0.02) muscles in rats with 90 days. A lesser number of myonuclei was observed in fluoxetine group than saline group of 30 days (soleus, p<0.001; lateral gastrocnemius, p0.007) and 90 days (soleus, p=0.002; lateral gastrocnemius, p0.038). The cross section area of fluoxetine groups is also smaller than the saline groups with 30 days (soleus, p=0.03; lateral gastrocnemius, p=0.041) and 90 days (soleus, p=0.042; lateral gastrocnemius, p=0.012). The treatment of fluoxetine during the critical period of development of the nervous system of rats, causes early changes in the structure of muscle fibers that seem to be related to reducing the weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles only in late stage of the animal's life. Thus, the dosage used ISRS, suggests an inhibitory effect of 5-HT in relation to variables on the development of the skeletal muscle tissue of rats.

La manipulación farmacológica con inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de la serotonina (ISRS) pueden cambiar el funcionamento del sistema serotoninérgico y facilitar o inhibir la acción de este sistema, induciendo cambios en la morfología del músculo esquelético de ratones. El objetivo fue analizar los efectos de la manipulación farmacológica neonatal con fluoxetina en el desarrollo de la masa muscular, número de núcleos y área de la sección transversa de las fibras de los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio lateral. Se utilizaron 24 ratones Wistar machos, de 30 y 90 días de edad, tratados con solución salina (NaCl 0,9%, 1m/100 g de peso corporal) y fluoxetina (1 mg; 1 ml/100 g de peso corporal). Los animales fueron divididos en grupos con solución salina (GS-30 y GS-90) y fluoxetina (GF-30 y GF-90). El grupo tratado con fluoxetina mostró una reducción de peso (g) de los músculos sóleo (p=0,0046) y gastrocnemio lateral (p=0,02) en 90 días. Además, se observó en este mismo grupo una reducción de núcleos en 30 días (M. sóleo, p<0,001; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p0,007) así como en el período de 90 días (M. sóleo, p=0,002; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p0,038). También se observó reducción del área de la sección transversal en los animales tratados con fluoxetina durante el período de 30 días (M. sóleo, p=0,03; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p= 0,041;) y 90 días (M. sóleo, p=0,042; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p=0,012). El tratamiento con fluoxetina durante el período crítico del desarrollo del sistema nervioso de ratones, induce cambios prematuros en la estructura de la fibra muscular, los que parecen estar relacionados con la reducción de peso de los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio en una fase tardía de vida del animal. En consecuencia, la dosis utilizada de ISRS, sugiere un efecto inhibidor de la 5-HT, en relación a las variables estudiadas sobre el desarrollo del tejido muscular esquelético de ratones.

Previous studies demonstrated that the morphology of the acromion and its respective relations with the uppermost point of the glenoid and the coracoid process is very important in the determination of subacromial space. The variations of these structures can predispose the beginning of the Impingement Syndrome. However, there is a shortage of reports on hterature about the different acromion's morphometric samples. The purpose of this study was to determine a morphologic pattern of the acromion, through the determination of its length, thickness, front projection, and its relation with the uppermost point of the glenoid and the coracoid process. We used 60 scapulae (37 right and 23 left) of adults from Departamento de Anatomia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil. To measure the length, thickness and front projection of acromion, and the distances from acromion to the uppermost point of the glenoid and to the coracoid process were used a calipers and a tape measure. We found these results: acromion length: 4.96cm + 0.46 (74%); thickness: 0.72cm + 0.1 (72%); front projection: 4.11cm + 0.42 (67%); distance between acromion and the uppermost point of the glenoid: 2.95cm + 0.35 (67%); distance between acromion and coracoid process: 3.8cm + 0.52 (64%). We did not find differences between right and left scapulaes. The morphometric analysis of the acromion should be used like an auxiliary basis to studies that promote a better knowledge about the disease that appear in this area

Estudios previos demostraron que la morfología del acromion y sus respectivas relaciones con el tubérculo supraglenoideo y el proceso coracoides, son de fundamental importancia en la determinación del espacio subacromial. Las variaciones de estas estructuras pueden provocar el principio del síndrome del impacto, también conocido como síndrome del pinzamiento del espacio subacromial. Sin embargo, se observa la falta de relatos en la literatura sobre los diferentes padrones morfométricos del acromion. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un padrón morfométrico del acromion, a través de la determinación de su largo, grosor y proyección anterior, además de determinar su relación con el proceso coracoides y el tubérculo supraglenoideo. Fueron analizadas 60 escápulas (37 derechas y 23 izquierdas) de individuos adultos, de la colección de piezas óseas del Departamento de Anatomía de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil. Con la ayuda de un paquímetro y una cinta métrica de perimetría fueron realizadas medidas del largo, grosor y proyección anterior del acromion y también de las distancias del acromion al tubérculo supraglenoideo y al proceso coracoides. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: largo del acromion: 4,96cm + 0,46 (74%); grosor: 0,72cm + 0,1 (72%); proyección anterior: 4,llcm + 0,42 (67%); distancia entre el acromion y el tubérculo supraglenoideo: 2,95cm + 0,35 (67%); distancia entre el acromion y el proceso coracoides: 3,8cm + 0,52 (64%). No observamos variaciones entre las escápulas derechas e izquierdas. El análisis morfométrico del acromion debe ser utilizado como base auxiliar para los estudios, procurando un mejor conocimiento de las patologías que existen en esa región