Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre as percepções de docentes a respeito de crianças em situação de imigração ou de refúgio na escola pública, baseada na perspectiva crítica de educação intercultural e na concepção histórico-cultural. Foram realizadas entrevistas entre 2018 e 2019 com dez professores do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola municipal de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, com mais de doze anos de experiência na educação básica e que tiveram, em suas turmas, crianças congolesas ou angolanas. Identificamos que a presença de crianças em situação de imigração, que inicialmente se poderia constituir em um elemento dificultador para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, tem sido um motor para novas reflexões sobre diferenças, desigualdades, preconceitos e discriminação no espaço escolar.

Abstract This article presents a qualitative study on the perceptions of teachers about immigrant or refugee children in public schools. It is based on the critical perspective of intercultural education and in the historical-cultural concept. Interviews were conducted between 2018 and 2019 with ten teachers of the first five years in a municipal elementary school in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro. All the teachers have over twelve years of experience in basic education, and had Congolese or Angolan children in their classes. We identified that the presence of immigrant children, which could initially be a difficult element for the teaching-learning process, has motivated new reflections on differences, inequalities, prejudices and discrimination in schools.

Resumen Este artículo presenta una investigación cualitativa sobre las percepciones de docentes sobre los niños inmigrantes o refugiados en las escuelas públicas, basada en la perspectiva crítica de la educación intercultural y la concepción histórico-cultural. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre 2018 y 2019 con diez profesores del primer ciclo de enseñanza primaria, de una escuela municipal en Duque de Caxias, Río de Janeiro, con más de doce años de experiencia en educación básica y que tenían niños congoleños o angoleños en sus clases. Identificamos que la presencia de niños inmigrantes, que inicialmente podría ser un elemento obstaculizador para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, ha sido un motor para nuevas reflexiones sobre diferencias, desigualdades, prejuicios y discriminación en el espacio escolar.

Résumé Cet article présente une recherche qualitative sur les perceptions des enseignants concernant des enfants en situation d’immigration ou de réfuge, ancrée sur la perspective critique de l’éducation interculturelle et la conception historico-culturelle. Des entretiens ont été menés entre 2018 et 2019 auprès de dix enseignants de l’Enseignement élementaire d’une école comunale de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, ces enseignants avec douze ans et plus d’expérience avaient dans leurs classes des enfants congolais ou angolais. Nous avons constaté que la présence d’enfants en situation d’immigration qui, au départ, aurait pu rendre difficile le processus d’enseignement-apprentissage est plutôt un moteur de nouvelles réflexions sur les différences, les inégalités, les préjugés et la discrimination dans l’espace scolaire.

In this study, a disposable pipette extraction (DPX)-based procedure was fully optimized for the multiclass determination of 12 pesticides, with significant differences in their physicochemical properties, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The variables optimized were type of extraction phase, sample pH, sample volume, number of extraction and desorption cycles, time of each cycle, type and volume of desorption solvent, and NaCl concentration of the samples. The analytical parameters of merit were determined under optimized conditions and satisfactory results were achieved, with limits of detection (LOQs) varying from 0.06 µg L-1 for carbofuran to 2.30 µg L-1 for carbendazim and correlation coefficients of 0.9923 to 0.9999. Relative recoveries ranged from 75 to 117%. Good results were achieved for intraday (n = 3) precision (1 to 20%) and interday (n = 9) precision (1 to 24%). The method was applied to the monitoring of 20 drinking water samples collected from water treatment plants.

A rotina das famílias tem se revelado uma estratégia interessante que permite conhecer não apenas seu funcionamento, mas também o desenvolvimento de seus membros. Todavia, investigar rotinas constitui um desafio para os pesquisadores interessados nessa temática, principalmente quando se trata de grupos inseridos em contextos culturais diferenciados. Com o intuito de contribuir metodologicamente, o presente trabalho descreve um instrumento de investigação qualitativo (Questionário de Rotinas Familiares - QRF), utilizado para coletar dados de rotinas de famílias que vivem em uma comunidade ribeirinha amazônica, cuja característica principal é o isolamento geográfico e social. São apresentadas as etapas de construção do instrumento, as adaptações necessárias e o modo de organização dos resultados (Diagrama de Atividades Familiares - DAF), ilustrados a partir de um caso investigado.

Family routines have been revealed as an interesting strategy that allows the knowledge not only of its operation, but also the development of its members. Nevertheless, investigating routines constitutes a challenge to researchers interested in this subject, mainly when it is about groups inserted in differentiated cultural contexts. In order to provide a methodological contribution, this work describes an instrument of qualitative investigation (IFR - Inventory of Family Routines). This instrument was used to collect data about the routines of families who live in an Amazonia's riverside community, and whose main feature is the geographical and social isolation. The steps of the instrument construction are presented along with the necessary adaptations and the manner of results organization (FAD - Family Activities Diagram), all of them illustrated through an investigative case.

The aim of this study was to assess oral health status and its relationship with quality of life. A household population, cross-sectional study was carried out; participants were between 15 and 17 years of age (n = 247) and were examined by two calibrated dentists. Socio-economic status was classified according to ANEP-ABIPEME criteria. Clinical examinations to observe DMFT, CPI and Dean indices were performed as per WHO criteria. The Significant Caries Index (SiC) was used to evaluate polarization of the occurrence of caries among participants of the tercile with higher DMF-T. The OHIP instrument was used to measure quality of life. The Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests were used for assessing correlations (5% significance level). Examinations were carried out in 117 (47.37%) females and in 130 (52.63%) males. Of the examined participants, 45.75% were classified as belonging to socio-economic class C. Caries occurrence was observed in 218 subjects (88.26%); the mean DMFT was 5.40. The SiC index was 9.97. Almost half (47.77%) of the participants examined did not present sextants affected by periodontal disease. Of the participants examined, 80.16% presented absence of fluorosis. The mean OHIP was 3.95. The following correlations were observed: a positive and statistically significant correlation between the highest score in the OHIP and decayed teeth; a positive correlation with threshold significance between OHIP and DMFT; an inverse correlation between intact teeth and OHIP; and a positive and non statistically significant correlation between SiC and OHIP (correlation coefficient = 0.13, p = 0.245). Association between the mean OHIP and the terciles was not significant (p = 0.146); there were also no associations between periodontal condition and OHIP nor were there associations between the presence of fluorosis and mean OHIP.

This study presents a descriptive-exploratory and field study, having as objective to evaluate the growth and development of infants attending a municipal day care in the city of Guarulhos. The population included 44 children between ages of 12 and 36 months. The growth evaluation was performed taking into consideration the child’s weight and height measurements. The development assessment was performed using the Denver II. The results allowed us to conclude that the child's weight and height were compromised as demonstrated by Z scores. Children with malnutrition and obesity risks were identified, with females prevailing in larger number. In relation to the children’s development, the study showed that most of them did not present abnormalities. However, children with suspected delays in speech and motor skills were identified.

Se trata de una investigación del tipo exploratorio, descriptivo y de campo que tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento y el desarrollo de niños que frecuentan una guardería municipal de la ciudad de Guarulhos. La población fue constituida de 44 niños entre 12 y 36 meses de edad. La evaluación del crecimiento fue realizada a través de la medida del peso y altura del niño. Para el desarrollo fue utilizado el Denver II. Los resultados permitieron concluir que hubo alteración en el peso y en la estatura evidenciada por el escore Z, identificando niños con riesgo de desnutrición y de obesidad, con mayor predominio para el sexo femenino. Cuanto al desarrollo el estudio mostró que la mayoría no presentó desfases, sin embargo fueron identificados niños con sospecha de retraso en las áreas del lenguaje y motora gruesa.

Este trabalho, um estudo exploratório-descritivo e de campo, teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de crianças que freqüentam uma creche municipal da cidade de Guarulhos. A população foi constituída de 44 crianças entre 12 e 36 meses de idade. A avaliação do crescimento foi realizada por meio da mensuração do peso e altura da criança. Para o desenvolvimento foi utilizado o Denver II. Os resultados permitiram concluir que houve comprometimento do peso e da estatura, evidenciado pelo escore Z, identificando crianças com risco de desnutrição e obesidade, com maior prevalência para o sexo feminino. Quanto ao desenvolvimento dessas crianças, o estudo mostrou que a maioria não apresentou defasagens, porém foram identificadas crianças com suspeita de atraso nas áreas da linguagem e motora grossa.