Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study in which we reviewed the chest CT scans of 14 patients diagnosed with NF1 and neurofibromatosis-associated diffuse lung disease (NF-DLD). The sample comprised eight women and six men. The median age was 55 years (range, 11-75 years). The diagnosis of NF1 was made on the basis of the diagnostic criteria established by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The images were analyzed by two chest radiologists, who reached decisions by consensus. Results: The predominant CT finding of NF-DLD was multiple cysts, which were observed in 13 patients (92.9%), followed by emphysema, in eight (57.1%) and subpleural bullae, in six (42.9%). Other findings included subcutaneous neurofibromas, in 12 patients (85.7%), ground-glass opacities, in one (7.1%), and tracheobronchial neurofibromas, in one (7.1%). The pulmonary abnormalities were bilateral in 12 cases (85.7%). The abnormalities were predominantly in the upper lung fields in eight cases (57.1%), and their distribution was random in 11 (78.6%). Conclusion: Pulmonary cysts, emphysema, and subpleural bullae appear to be the chest CT findings that are most characteristic of NF-DLD.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os achados pulmonares na tomografia computadorizada do tórax de pacientes diagnosticados com neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF1). Materiais e Métodos Foram revisados, retrospectivamente, os achados tomográficos de 14 pacientes com doença pulmonar difusa associada à NF1 (NF-DPD). A amostra incluiu oito mulheres e seis homens, com idade entre 11 e 75 anos (mediana de idade de 55 anos). O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base em critérios diagnósticos predeterminados pelo National Institutes of Health dos Estados Unidos. As imagens foram analisadas de forma independente por dois radiologistas, que chegaram a um consenso. Resultados: Os achados tomográficos predominantes foram múltiplos cistos em 13 pacientes (92,9%), enfisema em oito (57,1%) e bolhas subpleurais em seis (42,9%). Achados associados incluíram neurofibromas cutâneos e subcutâneos em 12 pacientes (85,7%), opacidades em vidro fosco em um (7,1%) e neurofibromas traqueobrônquicos em um (7,1%). As anormalidades pulmonares foram bilaterais em 12 casos (85,7%). Houve predomínio nos terços superiores em oito (57,1%) pacientes e se distribuíram randomicamente pelos pulmões em 11 (78,6%). Conclusão: Os achados tomográficos pulmonares mais frequentes na NF-DPD foram os cistos pulmonares, o enfisema e as bolhas subpleurais.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os diferentes achados da tomografia computadorizada no trauma torácico aberto e determinar sua frequência e extensão. Materiais e Métodos: Neste trabalho foram estudados os aspectos tomográficos de 40 pacientes com trauma torácico aberto, sendo 35 casos causados por lesão por arma de fogo (85,8%) e 5 por arma branca (14,2%). Resultados: As lesões pulmonares predominaram, tendo sido observadas em 39 casos (97,5%), manifestadas sob a forma de contusões em 34 (85%), atelectasias em 8 (20%), lacerações em 1 (2,5%) e hematomas em 1 (2,5%). Hemotórax foi demonstrado em 31 casos (77,5%) e pneumotórax em 22 casos (55%). Lesões mediastínicas estiveram presentes em 8 casos (20%), com hematoma mediastínico em 3 casos (7,5%), hemopericárdio em 3 (7,5%) e pneumomediastino em 2 (5%). Lesão diafragmática foi observada em 2 pacientes (5%). Conclusão: A tomografia computadorizada de tórax, nos casos de trauma torácico aberto, permite caracterizar os órgãos acometidos, avaliar o trajeto das lesões, sua gravidade e extensão, sendo útil na estimativa de risco de vida e na escolha das abordagens terapêuticas.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the various computed tomography findings in penetrating chest trauma, as well as to determine the frequency and extent of the lesions. Material and Methods: We studied the computed tomography findings from 40 cases of penetrating thoracic trauma, of which 35 (85.8%) were gunshot wounds and 5 (14.2%) were caused by another type of weapon. Results: Pulmonary lesions were found in 39 cases (97.5%), manifesting as contusions in 34 cases (85%), atelectasis in 8 (20%), lacerations in 1 (2.5%) and hematomas in 1 (2.5%). Hemothorax was seen in 31 cases (77.5%), and pneumothorax was seen in 22 cases (55%). Mediastinal lesions were observed in 8 cases (20%), including mediastinal hematoma in 3 cases (7.5%), hemopericardium in 3 (7.5%), and pneumomediastinum in 2 (5%). Diaphragmatic rupture was seen in 2 cases (5%). Conclusion: In patients with penetrating thoracic trauma, computed tomography of the chest is an important tool for characterizing the affected organs and evaluating the path of injury, as well as the severity and extent of the lesions. The images obtained are also useful in estimating the risk of death and determining the best therapeutic approach.

Abstract In Brazil, without considering the non-melanoma skin tumors, bladder cancer in men is the eighth most common, and the urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma is the most common among these. Cutaneous metastases from urothelial neoplasms appear as single or multiple erythematous, infiltrated nodules or plaques, and like other cases of distant disease, it is indicative of poor prognosis. The invasive urothelial carcinoma is recognized for its ability to present divergent differentiation and morphological variants. The sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare cancer that consists of two different components: one composed of epithelial tissue and the other with sarcomatoid features of mesenchymal origin. The authors describe a case of cutaneous metastasis of sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma in a 63-year-old male patient.

Neste trabalho é relatado o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 48 anos de idade, portadora de insuficiência renal crônica, em diálise há 13 anos, tendo iniciado o quadro com hemoptise, febre, tosse produtiva e dispneia aos grandes esforços. A radiografia de tórax apresentou opacidades mal definidas predominando nos terços médios e inferiores dos pulmões. A tomografia computadorizada de tórax evidenciou opacidades em vidro fosco associadas com nódulos centrolobulares mal definidos, com atenuação em vidro fosco. A paciente foi submetida a lavagem broncoalveolar, que foi negativa para micobactérias e fungos. Com base nesses achados, foi realizada biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto, que revelou calcificação pulmonar metastática.

The present report describes the case of a 48-year-old female patient suffering from chronic renal failure on dialysis for 13 years. She presented with hemoptysis, fever, productive cough and dyspnea. Chest radiography showed predominance of ill-defined opacities in the middle and lower lung fields, bilaterally. Chest computed tomography showed ground-glass opacities associated with poorly defined centrilobular nodules with ground-glass attenuation. The patient was submitted to bronchoalveolar lavage that was negative for mycobacteria and fungi. On the basis of such findings, open lung biopsy was performed, which revealed metastatic pulmonary calcification.