ABSTRACT The physical and microbiological characteristics of the soil are indicators considered in the assessment of the conditions of anthropized areas and are tools to identify levels of degradation, define the best crops, and thus, propose actions that help the producer to choose the appropriate soil management. In this regard, the aim of this work was to analyze the physical and microbiological properties of the soil in different agricultural production systems and in a preserved area. The research was carried out at a property located in the municipality of Campo Novo do Parecis - MT, Cerrado`s Biome. For the physical analysis, samples at depths of 0-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.30 m in five locations were collected randomly, within each production system and in the forest fragment. To evaluate the microbial activity of the soil, soil samples were collected at the 0-0.10 m layer also in five locations. All uses showed changes in physical characteristics, when compared to natural conditions. In the microbiological analysis, the integrated systems did not present significant differences in relation to the organic matter and the basal respiration of the soil when compared with the conventional systems and the forest fragment. The carbon of the microbial biomass of the soil and the metabolic quotient showed a difference between the systems of use and the preserved area.

RESUMO. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a eficiência da seleção antecipada de plantas superiores no melhoramento intrapopulacional do maracujazeiro azedo. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Foram avaliadas oito populações e o plantio foi realizado em agosto de 2010, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, dez repetições e dez plantas por parcela. As características de produção, massa e número de frutos foram avaliadas a partir de dados obtidos em dois períodos de cultivo, sendo no primeiro ano e no ciclo completo da cultura, que nesse caso foi de dois anos. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos indicam a possibilidade de ganhos com a seleção. Os valores de acurácia para as características de produção de frutos, número de frutos e massa de frutos foram de alta magnitude, independente do ciclo de seleção. As estimativas do índice de coincidência foram altas para todas as características. Baseado nos resultados, a seleção antecipada (primeiro ano) se mostrou eficiente por reduzir o tempo de seleção das melhores plantas, podendo ser utilizada no melhoramento do maracujazeiro azedo.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of the anticipated selection of superior plants in intrapopulation breeding of passion fruit. The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso State University experimental area. Eight populations were evaluated. Planting was carried out in August 2010 following the randomized blocks experimental design, with ten repeats and ten plants per plot. The production characteristics of mass and number of fruits were evaluated from data obtained from two cultivation periods, the first year and the full two-year cycle of culture. Estimates of genetic parameters indicate the possibility of selection gains. The accuracies of fruit production, fruit number and fruit mass characteristics had high magnitude, independent of the selection cycle. Coincidence index estimates were high for all characteristics. Based on the results, early selection (first year) was efficient and reduced the time of selection for the best plants and can be used for passion fruit breeding.

This study aimed to characterize the in vitro effect of different products on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of Alternaria tomatophila, the etiologic agent of tomato early blight. The experiment was installed using a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 5x4, with five levels of concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the commercial recommended doses) x 4 products (cymoxanil + mancozeb, copper oxychloride, potassium phosphite 0-28-26 and biofertilizer) in four replicates. The products were added and homogenized to the PDA mean, to evaluate the inhibition of mycelial growth and incorporated in agar-water mean to test inhibition of conidial germination. The fungicide cymoxanil + mancozeb and the potassium phosphite 0-28-26 were the best evaluated products totally inhibiting the mycelial growth; the copper oxychloride was shown to be intermediary while the biofertilizer was less effective. The products behaved in a similar way in the conidial germination. The fungicide cymoxanil + mancozeb and the phosphite stood out, followed by copper oxychloride and the biofertilizer, however, the products did not completely inhibited the conidial germination of A. tomatophila.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el efecto in vitro de diferentes productos en el crecimiento micelial y en la germinación de conidios de Alternaria tomatophila, agente etiológico del tizón temprano del tomate. El experimento se estableció mediante un experimento completamente aleatorizado en un esquema factorial 5x4, con cinco concentraciones (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% y 100% de la dosis comercial recomendada) x 4 productos (cimoxanil + mancozeb, oxicloruro cobre, fosfito de potasio 0-28-26 y biofertilizante) con cuatro repeticiones. Los productos se homogeneizaron y añadieron al medio PDA para evaluar la inhibición del crecimiento micelial y se incorporaron en medio agar-agua para probar la inhibición de la germinación de los conidios. El fungicida mancozeb + cimoxanil y el fosfito de potasio 0-28-26 fueron los mejores productos evaluados inhibiendo totalmente el crecimiento micelial, el oxicloruro de cobre demostró tener un efecto intermedio, mientras el biofertilizante fue menos eficaz. La germinación de conidios tuvo un comportamiento similar frente a los productos evaluados. Elfungicida mancozeb + cycomaxil y el fosfito sobresalieron, seguido de oxicloruro de cobre y del biofertilizante; sin embargo, los productos no inhibieron completamente la germinación de esporas de A. tomatophila.

Objetivou-se, nesse trabalho, determinar os efeitos de doses e formas de aplicação de selênio na forma de selenito de sódio na produtividade e características agronômicas da soja [Glycine max (L) Merrill]. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com um esquema fatorial de 4x3 +(1) compreendendo 4 doses de selênio (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0kg ha-1), três formas de aplicação (solo, foliar e solo + foliar) mais uma testemunha sem adubação, com três repetições. No tratamento solo + foliar aplicou-se a metade de cada dose isolada. A aplicação do selênio no solo foi feita na semeadura em mistura com os macronutrientes, e a aplicação foliar foi realizada no estágio V8 da cultura. As parcelas foram constituídas de 4 linhas com 5 metros de comprimento, espaçadas em 50 centímetros, com uma densidade de 12 plantas por metro linear. A adubação com selenito de sódio via foliar, independentemente das doses, afeta altura da planta, altura da inserção do primeiro legume e número de sementes por legume, promovendo um efeito fitotóxico na planta, chegando a reduzir em até 21% a produtividade. O número médio de legumes por planta e a massa de 100 sementes não sofreram efeitos da adubação com selênio.

The aim of this work was to determine the effects of doses and forms of selenium applications in the form of sodium selenide on the productivity and agronomic characteristics of the soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill]. An experimental design in randomized blocks was used with a factorial outline of 4x3 (+1), four selenium doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg.ha-1), three application forms (soil, foliar and soil + foliar), and a control, with three replications. In the treatment soil + foliar, half of each dose isolated was applied. The application of selenium to the soil was made in the planting process and the application to the leaves was accomplished in the V8 stage of the culture. The parcels were composed of four lines with five meters in length, spaced 50 centimeters from each other, with a density of 12 plants for each linear meter. The fertilization, with sodium selenide via leaves, independently of the doses, affected the characteristics height of the first pod insertion, height of the plant, and number of seeds in the pods, due to a phytotoxic effect, decreasing the productivity in 21%. The average number of pods per plant and the average weight of 100 seeds were not affected by the fertilization with selenium.