Abstract Background There is no consensus among tools for assessing frailty. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of frailty according to different tools in patients referred for elective valve cardiac surgery. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. All patients were ≥ 18 years of age, clinically stable. The following patients were excluded: those unable to perform the tests because of physical, cognitive, or neurological limitations; those requiring non elective/emergency procedures or hemodynamic instability. During the preoperative cardiology visit, frailty was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Frailty Deficit Index (FDI), handgrip strength, and gait speed 3m. For the entire analysis, the statistical significance was set at 5%. Results Our cohort consisted of 258 subjects. From the total cohort, 201 were ≤ 70 years of age (77.9%), the predominant etiology according to rheumatic disease (50.7% vs 8.8%; p=0.000) with double mitral lesion (24.9% vs 0%; p=0.000). Frailty was present in 32.9% according SPPB, 29.1% with reduced muscular strength. and 8.9% with FDI. Handgrip strength was weaker in elderly patients (26.7 vs 23.6; p=0.051) and gait speed was lower in the younger group, in which 36% were considered frail (36% vs 14%; p=0.002). Variables associated with frailty were age ≥ 70 years, female gender, aortic stenosis, and regurgitation. Conclusion Frailty in adult patients who will have elective heart valve surgery is present even in the younger groups, although the older group with comorbidities are more frail. Frailty was more clearly shown by the SPPB than by the FDI and handgrip tests.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a eficácia da LLLT na diminuição do processo inflamatório pulmonar em ratos sépticos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): controle (CG); sepse 24h (S24); sepse e tratamento com LLLT 30 J/cm² (S24L30); sepse e tratamento com LLLT 65 J/cm² (S24L65). A irradiação foi realizada imediatamente após a cirurgia na região anterior de traqueia e nas regiões ventrais do tórax, bilateralmente, logo abaixo das costelas. Foi realizada análise histológica do tecido pulmonar e o número de células inflamatórias foi quantificado. O grupo S24 apresentou um aumento de células inflamatórias comparado ao CG (p <0,05); S24L30 aumentou o número de células inflamatórias, enquanto S24L65 diminuiu este numero em relação ao S24 (ambos p <0,05); S24L65 diminui o numero de células inflamatórias comparado ao S24L30 (p<0.01). Concluiu-se que LLLT em dose específica de energia (30J/cm²) foi capaz de diminuir o número de células inflamatórias no tecido pulmonar em fase aguda da sepse.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of LLLT in decreasing the lung inflammatory process in septic rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control group (CG), sepsis 24h (S24), sepsis and LLLT with 30 J/cm² (S24L30); sepsis and LLLT with 65 J/cm² (S24L65). The irradiation was performed immediately after surgery in the anterior region of the trachea and ventral regions of the chest, bilaterally, just below the ribs. Histological analysis of lung tissue was performed and the number of inflammatory cells was quantified. The S24 group showed an increase of inflammatory cells compared to the CG (p <0.01); S24L30 increased the number of inflammatory cells, while S24L65 decreased this number compared to S24 (both p<0.05); S24L65 had a lower number of inflammatory cells compared to S24L30 (p<0.01). In conclusion, LLLT at a specific energy dose (30J / cm²) was capable of decreasing the number of inflammatory cells in acute lung tissue inflammation due to sepsis.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es determinar la eficacia de la LLLT en la disminución del proceso inflamatorio pulmonar en ratones sépticos. Se utilizaron 32 ratones machos Wistar divididos en cuatro grupos (n=8): control (CG); sepsis 24h (S24); sepsis y tratamiento con LLLT 30 J/cm2 (S24L30); sepsis y tratamiento con LLLT 65 J/cm2 (S24L65). Se realizó la irradiación inmediatamente después de la cirugía en la región anterior de la tráquea y en las regiones ventrales del tórax, bilateralmente, debajo de las costillas. Se realizó un análisis histológico del tejido pulmonar y se cuantificó el número de células inflamatorias. El grupo S24 presentó un aumento de células inflamatorias en comparación al CG (p <0,05); S24L30 aumentó el número de células inflamatorias, mientras S24L65 disminuyó este número en relación al S24 (ambos p <0,05); S24L65 disminuyó el número de células inflamatorias en comparación al S24L30 (p<0,01). Se concluye que la LLLT en dosis específica de energía (30J/cm2) ha sido capaz de disminuir el número de células inflamatorias en el tejido pulmonar en fase aguda de la sepsis.