Resumo Introdução Os quimioterápicos à base de cisplatina desempenham papel importante no tratamento do câncer em diversos níveis e são os agentes ototóxicos mais citados quando analisadas evidências científicas. Objetivo Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura (PRISMA), com o intuito de sistematizar informações sobre os efeitos ototóxicos do uso de medicamentos antineoplásicos. Método Para a seleção dos estudos foi usada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram usadas as bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science e Bireme, sem restrição de idioma, período e localização. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade dos artigos, na qual se incluíam artigos com nota mínima 6 na escala modificada da literatura. Os desenhos dos estudos selecionados foram do tipo descritivo, coorte e transversal, os quais estavam relacionados com o objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados Três artigos foram admitidos para esta revisão sistemática. A ototoxicidade causada pela cisplatina isoladamente variou de 45% a 83,3%, enquanto a causada pelo uso associado com a carboplatina variou de 16,6% a 75%. Verificou-se uma variação significativa nas doses cumulativas desses antineoplásicos, tanto no uso isolado quanto em combinação. Alterações auditivas, principalmente em altas frequências, foram evidenciadas após finalização do tratamento. Conclusão Alterações auditivas após o uso de medicamentos antineoplásicos à base de platina foram constatadas, porém verificou-se uma importante heterogeneidade quanto à frequência da ototoxicidade e a dose cumulativa das drogas usadas.

Abstract Introduction Platinum-based chemotherapeutics play an important role in the treatment of cancer at different levels and are the most cited ototoxic agents when scientific evidence is analyzed. Objective To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review, PRISMA, in order to systematize information on the ototoxic effects of using antineoplastic drugs. Methods For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and BIREME databases were used, without restriction of language, period, and location. Evaluation of the quality of the articles was carried out, which included articles with a minimum score of 6 in the modified scale of the literature. The designs of the selected studies were descriptive, cohort, and cross-sectional, which were related to the research objective. Results Three articles were included in this systematic review. The ototoxicity caused by cisplatin alone varied from 45% to 83.3%, while that caused by the use associated with carboplatin varied from 16.6% to 75%. There was a significant variation in the cumulative doses of these antineoplastic agents, both in isolated and in combination. Auditory changes, especially at high frequencies, were evident after completion of treatment. Conclusion Auditory changes after the use of platinum-based antineoplastic drugs were found, however, there was an important heterogeneity regarding the frequency of ototoxicity and the cumulative dose of the drugs used.

RESUMO Objetivo descrever as notificações de perda auditiva induzida por ruído (PAIR) no Brasil, segundo aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais, no período de 2006 a 2019. Métodos estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com dados das fichas de notificação de PAIR no Brasil, oriundos do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação. Os dados foram acessados por meio da página do Centro Colaborador de Vigilância aos Agravos à Saúde do Trabalhador. Foram analisadas as frequências absolutas e relativas de variáveis sociodemográficas e de características do trabalho. Resultados no período, foram notificados 7.819 casos de PAIR no Brasil. O ano de 2016 e o estado de São Paulo registraram o maior número de notificações, com 1.106 e 2.488 casos, respectivamente. Em todo o período, houve maior proporção de casos em indivíduos com carteira assinada (55,0%), gênero masculino (88,2%), cor de pele branca (59,1%) e faixa etária de 50 a 59 (33,7%). O ruído contínuo foi predominante no ambiente de trabalho (41,1%) e 51,1% dos indivíduos faziam uso de medidas de proteção individual, enquanto para 12,6% a proteção foi coletiva. Conclusão foram notificados 7.819 casos de PAIR no Brasil no período analisado, número que pode ser considerado desproporcional, em relação à prevalência desse agravo. A subnotificação observada impacta a compreensão da magnitude do problema e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento e implementação de ações e programas de saúde pública, voltados para a saúde e segurança do trabalhador.

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the notifications of NIHL in Brazil, according to sociodemographic and labor aspects, in the period from 2006 to 2019. Methods Cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out with data from notification forms for noise-induced hearing loss in Brazil, from SINAN. The data were accessed through the page of the Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Workers’ Health Disorders (ISC-UFBA). Absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic variables and work characteristics were analyzed. Results During the period, 7,819 cases of NIHL were reported in Brazil. The year 2016 and the state of São Paulo registered the highest number of notifications, with 1,106 and 2,488 cases, respectively. Throughout the period, there was a higher proportion of cases in: individuals with a formal contract (55.0%), male (88.2%), white (59.1%) and aged between 50 and 59 years (33.7%). Continuous noise was predominant in the work environment (41.1%) and 51.1% of the individuals used individual protection measures, while 12.6% were protected collectively. Conclusion A total of 7,819 cases of NIHL were reported in Brazil in the period analyzed, a number that can be considered disproportionate in relation to the prevalence of this condition. The observed underreporting impacts on the understanding of the magnitude of the problem, and, consequently, on the development and implementation of public health actions and programs, aimed at worker health and safety.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Spreader and super-spreader are terms that refer to people who have greater potential for disease transmission, to infect other people. OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 spreaders. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of the literature (using the PRISMA framework), performed at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil. METHODS: A search for articles was carried out in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Bireme and Web of Science databases. A search for gray literature was also conducted via Google Scholar. There was no restriction regarding place or language, and the search covered the period from January 2010 to August 2020. Studies were selected based on a combination of descriptors from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). RESULTS: Isolated cases of people diagnosed with COVID-19 who were classified as super-spreaders were found. They had been classified thus because they may have had greater potential for infecting other individuals. However, greater numbers of interventions are needed in order to identify and manage COVID-19 cases. There is little evidence regarding this detection, which further hinders recognition and understanding of super-spreading events. CONCLUSION: The scientific community needs greater depth of evaluation and understanding of how these patients physiologically develop the ability to propagate COVID-19 more intensely. A simpler way of tracking them is also necessary, given that many infected people are asymptomatic. Many patients also have mild symptoms, suggesting that these individuals could also be classified as possible COVID-19 spreaders. PROSPERO Number: ID 217874 (submitted for publication and is being assessed by the editorial team).

Resumo Introdução: Estudos recentes evidenciaram que a prática e o treinamento musical mostram-se eficazes e com potencialidades para auxiliar na aquisição e no aprimoramento das habilidades auditivas. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências científicas sobre as implicações da prática musical no processamento auditivo central. Método: Foi feita uma revisão sistemática conduzida conforme as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e foram usadas as bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), Lilacs, SciELO, Bireme, Scopus, Web of Science. O período de busca dos artigos compreendeu os últimos 5 anos (2015 a 2020), sem restrição de idioma e localização. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade dos artigos, na qual se incluía artigos com nota mínima 6 em escala de qualidade modificada da literatura. Resultados: Inicialmente foram encontradas 1.362 publicações, das quais 1.338 foram excluídas na triagem do título, 15 excluídas pelo resumo, foram nove artigos analisados na íntegra e quatro deles excluídos após análise, pois não responderam à pergunta norteadora proposta para esta pesquisa. Foram admitidos para esta pesquisa cinco artigos que atendiam os critérios de inclusão propostos. Constatou-se que nos adultos a habilidade musical está associada ao melhor desempenho de várias habilidades do processamento auditivo, bem como o treinamento musical em crianças promoveu uma maturidade acelerada do processamento auditivo e a exposição à música facilitou o aprendizado das informações auditivas nos recém-nascidos. Conclusão: Considerando as evidências científicas, constatou-se que a experiência musical pode aprimorar habilidades específicas do processamento auditivo central, independentemente da idade, o que aprimora o desenvolvimento linguístico das crianças.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: Although research in relation to new vaccines for the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), is ongoing, it has been reported that medical teams are also considering the use of antiviral drugs in patients in order to verify their effectiveness when infection signs and symptoms present, mainly in stages one and two of the disease. METHODS: For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used, and the databases Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and BIREME were searched. The search period for articles consisted of manuscripts published between January 2010 and July 2020 without language and localization restrictions. RESULTS: Initially, 20 articles were selected and then reduced to 19 after exclusion based on repetititve articles. Titles and abstracts were analyzed, and 14 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria and did not answer the guiding question. Studies show that patients receiving certain medications in the initial stages (one and two) indicate a reversal of complications during hospitalization or often do not require hospitalization in addition to being discharged in a shorter period of time. CONCLUSION: Studies have reported that effective drugs for treating COVID-19 exist. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of performing therapeutic interventions in the initial stages of infection aimed at reversing the disease and minimizing public health costs.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To verify the scientific evidence on the association between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Central Auditory Processing Disorder in children, aiming to answer the following research question: What is the association between Autistic Spectrum and Alteration of Auditory Processing in Children? METHODS: Studies were chosen through the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH): [(auditory processing) and (children) and (autism) and (neurological disorders)]. The MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO databases were used. The analyzed papers covered a ten-year period, from 2010 to 2020. We selected descriptive, cross-sectional, cohort, and case studies. We evaluated the quality of the papers, which had a minimum score of six in the modified scale of the literature. RESULTS: 126 papers were retrieved after the exclusion phase, and 17 of them followed the inclusion criteria. Only two papers answered the guiding question with audiological results. CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder may have disturbance central auditory processing, considering that changes were found both in absolute and interpeak latencies in the brainstem evoked response audiometry, as well as in latency and laterality of the N1c wave amplitude. In addition, there were changes in the assessment behavioral auditory processing. Thus, disturbance central auditory processing is common in children with autistic spectrum disorder.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To present scientific evidence based on a systematic review of the literature (PRISMA), aiming to systematize evidence of the ototoxic effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). METHODS The studies were selected using a combination based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The databases searched were MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, and BIREME, encompassing articles from January 2010 to May 2020, with no restrictions of language and place of publication. RESULTS A total of 148 articles with the potential to be included were retrieved. Of these, two answered the research question, which consisted of seeking evidence of the ototoxic effects of hydroxychloroquine. These studies scored 11 in their quality assessment with the modified protocol by Pithon et al.13. CONCLUSIONS The studies reported possible ototoxicity of HCQ. Audiovestibular changes, such as hearing loss, peripheral vestibular syndrome, and tinnitus were evidenced in patients submitted to HCQ. The improvement in the audiological examinations and the regression in the vestibular syndrome after stopping the treatment with HCQ are strong arguments in favor of the ototoxicity caused by this medication. However, there are still divergences about the relationship between ototoxic effects and the use of HCQ.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence based on a systematic review of the literature (PRISMA) to systematize information on smell and taste alterations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS: The studies were selected through combinations based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, and BIREME databases were used. The search encompassed articles published from January 2010 to May 2020, with no restriction of language or localization. RESULTS: A total of 665 retrieved articles had the potential for inclusion. Of these, two answered the research question, which was to verify the smell and taste alterations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The results found in this review demonstrated that there likely is an association between self-reported smell and taste dysfunctions and COVID-19 infection in such patients.

Objective: To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review (PRISMA), in order to systematize evidence on the ototoxic effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Methods: For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO and BIREME databases were used. The search period for the articles ranged from January 2010 to May 2020, without language and localization restrictions. Results: 148 articles with potential for inclusion were retrieved, with two articles answering the guiding question that consisted of seeking evidence of the ototoxic effects of hydroxychloroquine. These studies scored 11 in the modified protocol by Pithon et al, to assess their quality. Conclusion: Studies have reported a possible ototoxicity of HCQ. Audio-vestibular changes such as hearing loss, peripheral vestibular syndrome and tinnitus were observed in patients undergoing HCQ. The improvement in audiological exams, as well as the regression of the vestibular syndrome after the interruption of HCQ treatment, are strong arguments in favor of the ototoxicity caused by this medication. However, there are still disagreements about the relationship of ototoxic effects and the use of HCQ.

Objetivo: presentar evidencia científica basada en una revisión sistemática de la literatura (PRISMA), para sistematizar evidencia sobre los efectos ototóxicos de la hidroxicloroquina (HCQ). Métodos: Para la selección de los estudios, se utilizó la combinación basada en los Términos de encabezado de temas médicos (MeSH). Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO y BIREME. El período de búsqueda de los artículos varió desde enero de 2010 hasta mayo de 2020, sin restricciones de idioma y localización. Resultados: se recuperaron 148 artículos con potencial de inclusión, y dos artículos respondieron a la pregunta guía que consistió en buscar evidencia de los efectos ototóxicos de la hidroxicloroquina. Estos estudios obtuvieron una puntuación de 11 en el protocolo modificado de Pithon et al, para evaluar su calidad. Conclusión: Los estudios han reportado una posible ototoxicidad de HCQ.

Objetivo: Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura (PRISMA), com o intuito de sistematizar evidências sobre os efeitos ototóxicos da hidroxicloroquina (HCQ). Métodos: Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO e BIREME. O período de busca dos artigos compreendeu janeiro de 2010 a maio de 2020, sem restrição de idioma e localização. Resultados: Foram recuperados 148 artigos com potencial de inclusão, sendo que dois artigos responderam a pergunta norteadora que consistiu em buscar evidências dos efeitos ototóxicos da hidroxicloroquina. Esses estudos obtiveram pontuação 11 no protocolo modificado de Pithon et al, para avaliação da qualidade dos mesmos. Conclusão: Os estudos relataram uma possível ototoxicidade da HCQ. Alterações audiovestibulares como perda auditiva, síndrome vestibular periférica e zumbido foram evidenciadas em pacientes submetidas à HCQ. A melhora nos exames audiológicos, bem como a regressão da síndrome vestibular após a interrupção do tratamento com HCQ, são argumentos fortes a favor da ototoxicidade causada por este medicamento. Contudo, ainda há divergências sobre a relação de efeitos ototóxicos e o uso da HCQ.

Objective: To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review (PRISMA) evaluating the association of Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 in children. Research Strategies: For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE and BIREME databases were used. The search period for the articles comprised the last 10 years (2010 to 2020). Selection Criteria: The designs of the selected studies were descriptive, cross-sectional, cohort and case study, which had the title, abstract or body of the article in relation to the research objective. An evaluation of the quality of the articles was carried out, which included articles with a minimum score of 6 in the modified scale of the literature. Results: 840 articles with potential for inclusion were retrieved, with only one of them responding to the inclusion criteria and the guiding question. which consisted of assessing the association of Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 in children.Conclusion: A significant increase in the incidence of Kawasaki-type diseases after the onset of the epidemic has been reported, suggesting an association between the COVID-19 epidemic and the high incidence of a severe form of KD. However, further studies are needed to investigate the correlation between these two diseases.

Objetivo: presentar evidencia científica basada en una revisión sistemática de la literatura (PRISMA) que evalúa la asociación de la enfermedad de Kawasaki y COVID-19 en niños. Estrategias de investigación: Para la selección de estudios, se utilizó la combinación basada en los Términos de encabezado de temas médicos (MeSH). Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE y BIREME. El período de búsqueda de los artículos abarcó los últimos 10 años (2010 a 2020). Criterios de selección: Los diseños de los estudios seleccionados fueron descriptivos, transversales, estudio de cohorte y caso, que tenía el título, resumen o cuerpo del artículo relacionado con el objetivo de la investigación. Se realizó una evaluación de la calidad de los artículos, que incluyó artículos con una puntuación mínima de 6 en la escala modificada de la literatura. Análisis de datos: después de leer los artículos completos, se extrajeron los datos y métodos de identificación de los artículos para su posterior análisis, así como otra información relevante.Resultados: se recuperaron 840 artículos con potencial de inclusión, y solo uno de ellos cumplió con los criterios de inclusión y la pregunta orientadora que consistió en evaluar la asociación de la enfermedad de Kawasaki y COVID-19 en niños Conclusión: Se ha informado un aumento significativo en la incidencia de enfermedades de tipo Kawasaki después del inicio de la epidemia, lo que sugiere una asociación entre epidemia de COVID-19 y la alta incidencia de una forma grave de EK. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para investigar la correlación entre estas dos enfermedades.

Objetivo: Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura (PRISMA) avaliando a associação da Doença de Kawasaki e COVID-19 em crianças. Estratégias de Pesquisa: Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE e BIREME.O período de busca dos artigos compreendeu últimos 10 anos (2010 a 2020). Critérios de Seleção: Os desenhos dos estudos selecionados foram descritivo, transversal, de coorte e estudo de caso, que possuíam o título, resumo ou corpo do artigo relação com o objetivo da pesquisa. Foi realizada avaliação da qualidade dos artigos, na qual se incluía artigos com nota mínima 6 na escala modificada da literatura. Análise de dados: Após a leitura dos artigos na íntegra, foram extraídos dados de identificação e métodos dos artigos para posterior análise, bem como outras informações relevantes. Resultados: Foram recuperados 840 artigos com potencial de inclusão, sendo que apenas um deles respondeu aos critérios de inclusão e a pergunta norteadora que consistiu em avaliar a associação da Doença de Kawasaki e COVID-19 em crianças. Conclusão: Um aumento significativo na incidência de doenças do tipo Kawasaki após o início da epidemia já foi relatado, sugerindo a associação entre a epidemia de COVID-19 e a elevada incidência de uma forma grave da DK. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para investigar a correlação entre essas duas doenças.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura (Prisma) avaliando a associação da Doença de Kawasaki (DK) e COVID-19 em crianças. MÉTODOS Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline (PubMed), Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane e Bireme.O período de busca dos artigos compreendeu os últimos dez anos (2010 a 2020). RESULTADOS Foram recuperados 840 artigos com potencial de inclusão, sendo que um respondeu aos critérios de inclusão e à pergunta norteadora que consistiu em avaliar a associação da Doença de Kawasaki e COVID-19 em crianças. CONCLUSÃO Um aumento significativo na incidência de doenças do tipo Kawasaki após o início da epidemia já foi relatado, sugerindo a associação entre a epidemia de COVID-19 e a elevada incidência de uma forma grave da DK. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para conduzir a investigação da associação entre essas duas doenças.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review (PRISMA) evaluating the association of Kawasaki Disease (DK) and COVID-19 in children. METHODS For the selection of studies, a combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE, and BIREME databases were used. The search period for the articles comprised the last 10 years (2010 to 2020). RESULTS 840 articles with potential for inclusion were retrieved, one of which met the inclusion criteria and the guiding question that consisted of evaluating the association of Kawasaki disease and COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSION A significant increase in the incidence of Kawasaki-type diseases after the onset of the epidemic has been reported, suggesting an association between the COVID-19 epidemic and the high incidence of a severe form of KD. However, further studies are needed to conduct an investigation of the association between these two diseases.