RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho e as características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de frangos Label Rouge criados em sistema alternativo em função do aumento da idade de abate. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) disposto em esquema fatorial (2x5), sendo dois sexos (macho e fêmea) e cinco idades de abate (70, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias). Foram utilizadas 240 aves (Pescoço Pelado), sendo 120 fêmeas e 120 machos, sendo avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho, carcaça, físico-químicos, composição centesimal e fibra muscular. Com o aumento no tempo de produção houve efeitos dos períodos de produção e sexo em relação a variáveis de desempenho, com melhores resultados para os machos. Para os parâmetros de carcaça e físico-químicos, houve interação entre sexo e idade de abate, revelando comportamento diferenciado para machos e fêmeas com aumento da idade de abate. Para a composição centesimal e análise das fibras musculares, somente para extrato etéreo no peito foi verificado interação entre os fatores estudados. O aumento da idade proporcionou a obtenção de frangos com maiores pesos vivos e de carcaça ao abate com consequente redução dos índices de desempenho, além de menor rendimento de carcaça e maior deposição de gordura abdominal nas fêmeas. As fêmeas apresentam menor maciez na coxa e os machos no peito com aumento da idade de abate e, em ambos os cortes, ocorreu maior intensificação da cor, índice de vermelho e redução do brilho a partir de 90 dias ou em maiores idades de abate.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the performance parameters, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Label Rouge chickens raised under an alternative system as a function of age at slaughter. The design was completely randomized with a 5×2 factorial arrangement, with slaughtering at five ages (70, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days) and two sexes. A total of 240 birds (Pescoço Pelado strain) were used, including 120 females and 120 males. Performance, carcass, physicochemical, proximate composition, and muscle fiber traits were evaluated. Rearing time and sex had significant effects on performance-related traits, with better results for males. The interaction between slaughter age and sex had a significant effect on the carcass and physicochemical parameters, which cause different responses in males and females with increasing slaughter age. For the proximate composition and muscle fiber analysis, the interaction between the parameters studied only had a significant effect on ether extract in the breast. The increase in age resulted in chickens with higher live and carcass weight at slaughter but lower performance indices. Females had lower carcass yield and greater deposition of abdominal fat. Females had lower tenderness in the drumstick and males in the breast with increasing slaughter age, and both cuts had more intense color and redness and reduced lightness starting at the slaughter age of 90 days.

RESUMO: Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com selênio e cromo biocomplexados sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos do peito e da coxa de frangos de corte machos e fêmeas da linhagem Label Rouge. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 correspondendo a três dietas (controle; 0,40 ppm de cromo; 0,50 ppm de selênio) e dois sexos. Cada tratamento foi composto por três parcelas de cinco frangos de corte. O perfil de ácidos graxos foi avaliado nas amostras de peito e coxa. A adição de selênio biocomplexado na dieta de frangos de corte aumentou o teor de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa das séries ômega 3 e 6 (ácido docosahexaenóico - DHA e araquidônico, respectivamente), o total de ômega 6 e o conteúdo de ácido esteárico no peito (músculo pectoralis major). Além disso, a suplementação com selênio causou redução no teor de ácido oleico e no total de monoinsaturados no mesmo músculo. Os machos apresentaram maiores teores dos ácidos linoléico e linolênico e total de poliinsaturados; e menor conteúdo de ácido oleico, total de monoinsaturados e saturados na coxa. Os frangos suplementados com selênio biocomplexado e os machos apresentaram melhor qualidade lipídica no músculo do peito e coxa, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with biocomplexed selenium and chromium on the fatty acid profile of the breast and thigh of males and females broilers of the Label Rouge lineage. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to three diets (control; 0.40 ppm of chromium; 0.50 ppm of selenium) and two sexes. Each treatment consisted of three plots of five broilers. The fatty acid profile was evaluated in the breast and thigh samples. The addition of biocomplexed selenium in the broilers diets increased the content of long chain fatty acid of the omega 3 and 6 series (docosahexaenoic - DHA and arachidonic acids, respectively), the total of omega 6 and the stearic acid content on the breast (pectoralis major muscle). In addition, selenium supplementation caused a reduction in oleic acid content and in total of monounsaturated in the same muscle. Males had higher contents of linoleic and linolenic acids, and total of polyunsaturated; and lower content of oleic acid, total of monounsaturated and saturated in the thigh. The broilers supplemented with biocomplexed selenium and males presented better lipid quality in the muscle by breast and thigh, respectively.

ABSTRACT. Emulsifiers in animal diets are an interesting and effective strategy for nutritionists to improve the digestion of dietary lipids and, consequently, provide better performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of diets with emulsifier based on mono- and diglycerides (120 g t-1 of feed) associated with different energy levels (2,775; 2,725; 2,675 and 2,625 kcal of metabolizable energy kg-1 of feed) on performance and egg quality of Hisex Brown laying hens. The laying hens were distributed in 50 experimental plots with eight birds each. A completely randomized design with five treatments and ten replicates/treatments was used. The treatments in this study were: control diet (C) with 2,775 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) kg-1 of feed; C + E: diet C supplemented with an emulsifier (E) at 120 g t-1 of feed; diet C with reduction of 50 kcal ME and supplemented with E (NC50 + E); diet C with reduction of 100 kcal ME and supplemented with E (NC100 + E); and diet C with reduction of 150 kcal ME and supplemented with E (NC150 + E). All diets had the same inclusion level of degummed soybean oil (2%). There was no influence of the treatments on the performance and quality of the eggs (p >0.05). The current study has shown that diets supplemented with emulsifiers based on mono- and diglycerides (120 g t-1) allows reducing the metabolizable energy level up to 150 kcal kg-1 of feed, without impairment on performance and egg quality of Hisex Brown laying hens.

ABSTRACT. The present study was carried out to evaluate the substitution of synthetic performance enhancers by ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) in the diet of broilers and their effects on performance, carcass yield, noble cuts, viscera and bed quality. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and six replicates each, totaling 24 experimental plots with 20 birds each. The experimental treatments were: negative control, without the inclusion of performance improvement and EPE-free; positive control, containing avilamycin performance enhancer; Inclusion of 0.1% of EPE and; Inclusion of 0.2% EPE. The analyzed data were submitted to analysis of variance and applied the SNK test at 5% probability. There was no effect of the inclusion of additives on feed intake and feed conversion in the periods from 1 to 7, 1 to 21, and from 1 to 42 days of age. Weight gain was lower in birds receiving feed with the inclusion of 0.1% EPE in the period from 1 to 7 days, not differing from the other treatments in the other evaluation periods. Carcass characteristics, cuts, and viscera and bed moisture were not influenced by the treatments used. The inclusion of ethanol extract from propolis as a performance enhancer up to 42 days of age provided similar results to the use of performance enhancers based on avilamycin, thus being an efficient substitute in poultry production.

Abstract This research study aimed to evaluate the influence of sexual maturity on meat quality parameters in chickens raised in a free-range system. The fully randomized design (FRD) used a (2x2) factorial scheme, with two sexes (male and female) and two categories of sexual maturity (immature and mature). Ninety birds (45 females and 45 males) belonging to the Label Rouge (Pescoço Pelado) strain were slaughtered at five different ages (70, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days). The physicochemical parameters, centesimal composition and shelf life of the meat were assessed. In both breast and leg cuts, sexual maturity promoted an increase in shear force and affected the meat color by increasing its redness (a*). Moisture was higher in leg meat after sexual maturity. In both breast and leg cuts, ether extract was higher in sexually mature females. Sexual maturity also caused a decrease in tenderness and shorter shelf life of the meat.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of yellow natural pigment levels based on Marigold Flower extract (2%) and yellow synthetic pigment (Carophyll Yellow 10%) in sorghum-based rations for commercial laying hens and their influence on bird performance and egg quality. A completely randomized design was adopted with 5 treatments, 6 replicates, and 5 laying hens in each repetition. The treatments evaluated were: Sorghum based diet without supplementation with pigmentant - Negative Control; 150 g t-1 of Yellow Natural Pigment feed; 300 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 450 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 25 g t-1 of yellow industrial pigment feed. The Tukey test was applied at 5% for the analysis of the variables of performance and quality of the eggs. The variables related to external and internal egg quality and poultry yield performance did not present significant results (p > 0.05). Only the variable color of the yolk obtained significance (p < 0.01), with an increase according to the number of pigments included in the diet. Sorghum can be used together supplementation of natural and synthetic pigments in the diet to improve yolk pigmentation. It is recommended to include 450g t-1 of natural marigold flower pigment feed (2%) in sorghum-based diets for better pigmentation of the yolk in place of 25 g t-1 of yellow synthetic pigmented, by improving the color of the yolk and not interfering in the productive performance of the laying hens and the quality of the eggs.

ABSTRACT We intended to evaluate the influence of supplementation with biocomplexed minerals on the performance and carcass characteristics of Label Rouge broilers of both sexes, as well as on the feed efficiency and feed costs. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged in factorial scheme (3×2) – three experimental diets (control, 0.50 ppm of selenium, and 0.40 ppm of chromium) and two sexes (male and female). Each treatment was composted of three plots, each one represented by 21 birds. The average weight (g/bird), weight gain (g/bird), feed intake (g/bird), and feed conversion in periods of 1 to 7, 1 to 21, 1 to 35, 1 to 49, 1 to 63, and 1 to 90 days were calculated. Weight and yield of carcass and cuts were determined. Both average feed cost (AFC, R$/bird) and cost per kg of weight gain (CWG, R$/kg weight gain) as well as economic efficiency index (EEI) were estimated. There was no influence of the diet on performance, carcass characteristics, and feed costs of the birds. The males presented higher means of average weight (3819.2 g/bird), weight gain (3780.9 g/bird), feed intake (11030.2 g/bird), and better feed conversion index (2.9) in the period of 1 to 90 days, besides presenting higher values of live weight at slaughter (3740.2 g), carcass weight (3117.5 g) and carcass yield (83.4%), breast weight (832.4 g), thigh weight (432.5 g), and thigh yield (13.9%); the females presented higher breast yield values (28.1%). The males presented higher AFC and lower CWG. The addition of minerals in the diet does not change performance, carcass characteristics and feed costs. The males present better performance and better carcass characteristics, in addition to being economically more viable.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho de frangos coloniais machos alimentados com ração suplementada com probiótico comercial (Calsporin ®). Foram utilizados 210 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Label Rouge, e foram criados em galpão experimental até os 30 dias de idade. Estas aves tiveram livre acesso aos piquetes de Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) dos 31 aos 90 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, dois tratamentos, um contendo ração suplementada com probiótico Bacillus subtillis (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) e outro sem suplementação, com dez repetições cada, constando 21 aves/repetição. Foram avaliados o peso corporal médio (PM), ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA), mortalidade e viabilidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste F a 5% de significância. A adição do probiótico (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) na dieta de frangos Label Rouge não interferiu nas variáveis GP, PM, e CA no período total de 1 a 90 dias (P>0,05); a variável CMR diferiu (P<0,05), sendo maior o consumo em aves recebendo a dieta com o probiótico. A inclusão de probiótico na ração de frangos caipiras não melhorou o desempenho produtivo das aves possivelmente devido a um baixo desafio por microorganismos patogênicos nos ambientes em que foram criados.

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male colonial chickens fed diet supplemented with commercial probiotic (Calsporin ®). A total of 210 male chicks Label Rouge lineage were used and they were raised in experimental shed up to 30 days old. These birds had free access to the pickets of Tifton-85, from 31-90 days of age. The experimental design was completely randomized, two treatments, one containing feed supplemented with probiotic Bacillus subtillis (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) and another one without it, with ten replications per treatment, consisting of 21 chickens/replication. The mean of body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), mortality and viability were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages of the treatments were compared by the F-test at 5% of significance. The addition of probiotic (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) in the diet of Label Rouge broilers did not interfere in the MW, WG, and FC variables in the total period from 1 to 90 days (P>0.05); the MFI variable differed (P <0.05), with higher consumption in chickens receiving the diet with the probiotic. The inclusion of probiotic in the wild-type chicken ration did not improve the productive performance of poultries possibly due to a low challenge by pathogenic microorganisms in the environments in which they were raised.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o rendimento de carcaça e pH intestinal de frangos coloniais machos criados em piquetes com Tifton- 85, alimentados com ração suplementada com probiótico comercial. Foram utilizados 210 pintos de corte de um dia, machos, da linhagem Pescoço Pelado, criados em boxes experimentais em galpão convencional até os 30 dias de idade, e de 30 a 90 dias tiveram acesso a piquetes de Tifton-85 (Cynodonspp.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (ração convencional e ração convencional suplementada com probiótico “Bacillus subtillis DSM 15.544”) e cinco repetições, contendo 21 aves por tratamentos. As variáveis de rendimento da carcaça avaliadas foram peso vivo aos 90 dias (PV), peso de carcaça (com pé, pescoço e cabeça), peso da carcaça (sem pé, pescoço e cabeça), coxa, sobrecoxa, peito, asas, vísceras comestíveis,vísceras não comestíveis, gordura abdominale o pH dos compartimentos do trato gastrointestinal (papo, duodeno, jejuno, íleo, proventrículo, moela, ceco). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste F a 5% de significância. As variáveis de rendimento de carcaça, cortes primários, secundários e pH das vísceras não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos com e sem adição de probiótico. Presumiu-se que o desafio sanitário não foi suficiente para demonstrar efeitos do probiótico sobre as variáveis de carcaça e pH dos compartimentos intestinais.

SUMMARY This study had as an objective to evaluate the carcass yield, morphology and intestinal pH of male country hick broilers raised on Tifton-85 pickets, fed with commercial probiotic supplemented ration. A total of 210 one-day-old males broiler's chicken from the Peeled Neck lineage were raised in experimental boxes on a conventional shed until 30 days of age, and from 30 to 90 days of age they had access to Tifton-85 pickets (Cynodonspp.). The carcass yield variables evaluated were live weight at 90 days, carcass weight (with foot, neck and head), carcass weight (without foot, neck and head), thigh, chest, wings, edible viscera, inedible viscera, abdominal fat, pH, length and weight of the gastrointestinal tract compartments (gut, duodenum, jejunum, ileus, proventriculus, gizzard, and cecum). All data went through analysis of variance, and the means of the treatments were compared by the F test with 5% of probability. Variables of carcass yield, primary and secondary cuts, length, weight and pH of gastrointestinal tract compartments were not influenced (P> 0.05) by treatments with and without probiotic addition. Inclusion of 300 g / ton of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM 15,544 in broiler's chicken from the Peeled Neck lineage had no influence over the carcass yield, pH and morphology of the gastrointestinal compartments of the birds in the period and levels in the present experiment. The sanitary challenge was not enough to demonstrate the effectiveness of probiotic action.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação da enzima protease sobre o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade de casca de poedeiras semipesadas. Utilizaram-se 240 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown com 44 semanas de idade. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo (5 períodos de 21 dias cada) com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições (10 aves por repetição). Foram avaliados: produção de ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso médio dos ovos, perda de ovos, gravidade específica, porcentagem e espessura de casca. Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos à análise pelo pacote estatístico SISVAR com as médias comparadas pelo teste de SNK a 5% de probabilidade. Para as variáveis de qualidade externa dos ovos, não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) dos tratamentos. Conclui-se que a suplementação de 500 g ton-1 da protease (100 U g-1), em dietas com redução dos níveis nutricionais, proporciona produção de ovos e conversão alimentar semelhantes aos obtido em poedeiras semipesadas, recebendo ração com níveis nutricionais indicados pelo manual da linhagem, porém não mostra efeito sobre a qualidade de casca dos ovos.

The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of protease enzyme supplementation on performance parameters and quality shell of laying hens. We used 240 Isa Brown commercial laying hens with 44 weeks of age. A completely randomized split-plot design (5 periods of 21 days) with four treatments and six replications (10 hens per replication) was used. The experimental diets were formulated according to the requirements of the breed. The following parameters were evaluated: egg production, feed intake, feed conversion, average egg weight, egg loss, specific gravity, percentage and shell thickness. After collection, the data were analyzed with SISVAR Statistical Package, and the means compared by SNK test at 5% probability. It was concluded that supplementation of diets low in nutrients with 500 g ton-1 of protease (100 U g-1), provides egg production and feed conversion rates similar to those obtained in laying hens fed diet with the nutritional level recommended for the breed. However, protease supplementation did not show effect on egg shell quality.

O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a associação de fitase com um complexo enzimático composto por carboidrases (α-galactosidase, galactomananase, xilanase e β-glucanase) em dieta com redução nutricional para poedeiras semipesadas e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho e qualidade de ovos. Foram distribuídas 400 poedeiras Isa Brown de 42 a 57 semanas de idade em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições, sendo cinco períodos de produção, com 21 dias cada. As variáveis estudadas foram: produção de ovos, consumo de ração, peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar, unidade Haugh, porcentagens de gema, casca e albúmen, cor da gema, espessura da casca e gravidade específica. Houve interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre tratamentos e períodos experimentais para o consumo de ração. Não houve efeitos significativos (p > 0,05) dos tratamentos sobre produção e sobre as variáveis de peso médio e de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. Houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a conversão alimentar, com melhor valor para aves que receberam o tratamento controle. Os níveis adotados de redução nutricional das dietas com ou sem suplementação enzimática não proporcionaram bons resultados no que diz respeito à conversão alimentar e consumo de ração, não afetando, porém, os demais parâmetros produtivos e de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the association of phytase with an enzymatic complex comprised of carbohydrases (α-galactosidase, galactomannan, xylanase and β-glucanase) in nutrition reduction diets for semi-heavy laying hens and its effect on egg performance and egg quality. Four hundred Isa Brown laying hens with 42 to 57 weeks of age were distributed in an entirely random experiment with five treatments and 8 repetitions, during five production periods of 21 days. Variables studied: egg production, feed intake, mean egg weight, feed conversion, Haugh unit, percentage of yolk, egg white and albumen, yolk color, eggshell thickness and specific gravity. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between treatments and experimental periods for feed intake. There were no significant effects (p > 0.05) of treatment on production, egg weight or internal and external egg quality. Treatment effects on feed conversion showed better values for hens fed with the control diet. The levels of nutrient reduction used in the diets with or without enzyme supplementation did not provide good results with regard to feed conversion and feed intake. However, they did not affect the other parameters for egg production and internal and external egg quality.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho de poedeiras semipesadas submetidas a dietas com baixo teor proteína bruta (14,0%) e diferentes níveis de lisina, mantendo a mesma relação aminoácidos digestíveis/ lisina digestível. Foram utilizadas 420 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown de 28 a 44 semanas de idade, distribuídas em 42 parcelas experimentais. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e sete repetições, em quatro períodos de 28 dias/cada. Os tratamentos foram: Controle - ração formulada de acordo com as exigências nutricionais propostas no manual da linhagem, contendo 16,92% proteína bruta e 0,750% lisina digestível. Os tratamentos testes do 1 ao 5, tiveram a redução proteica, 14% de proteína bruta e diferentes níveis de lisina digestível de 0,600%; 0,675%; 0,750%; 0,825% e 0,900%, respectivamente. A exigência de lisina digestível, em relação aos demais aminoácidos digestíveis, pode ser estimada em 0,750% em dieta com 14% de proteína bruta, o que corresponde ao consumo médio diário de 876 mg lisina digestível, sem comprometer o desempenho das aves.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of laying hens subjected to heavy semi-low crude protein (14.0%) and lysine levels while maintaining the same relation of digestible amino acid/ digestible lysine. A commercial line of 420 Isa Brown laying hens, in the period from 28 to 44 weeks of age, were distributed in 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates in four periods of 28 days/each was used. The treatments were: Control - Formulated according to the nutritional requirements proposed in the strain, containing 16.92% crude protein, 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with crude protein levels of 14% and 0.600% of digestible lysine, 0.675%, 0.750%, 0.825% and 0.900%, respectively. The requirement of lysine, in relation to other digestible amino acids, can be estimated at 0.750% in diet with 14% crude protein, which corresponds to the average daily intake of 876 mg lysine dig. hen-1 day-1, without compromising the performance of hens.

O presente artigo propõe desenhar uma antropologia da espacialidade com um olhar crítico para compreender a emergência de diferentes espaços globais de mobilização que se inscrevem em uma perspectiva altermundialista. Para tanto, realiza-se inicialmente, um retrato do contexto histórico que permitiu o surgimento desses espaços. Em seguida, são apresentadas e analisadas comparativamente as lógicas inerentes a cada um dos dois casos selecionados, que aparentam ser particularmente representativos na trajetória dos espaços globais de mobilização (o Fórum Social Mundial e o GlobalSquare). No final, busca-se trabalhar com a hipótese de uma "epistemologia do paradoxo", que seja capaz de reconhecer as contradições básicas próprias aos processos estudados e que contribua para a compreensão dos processos de mobilização, ampliando seu alcance e sua força.

This paper seeks to propose an anthropology of spatiality to understand the emergence of different global mobilization spaces that appear into an alterglobalist perspective. First, we share a portrait of the historical context that allowed the emergence of these spaces. Then, we present, analyze and compare the inherent logic in each one of the two selected cases, which appear to be particularly representative in the trajectory of global spaces of mobilization (the World Social Forum and the GlobalSquare). In the end, we seek to work with the hypothesis of an 'epistemology of paradox', that would be able to recognize the basic contradictions, specific to the studied processes and contribute to understanding the processes of mobilization, expanding its reach and strength.

A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas submetidas a dietas com baixa proteína (14,0% PB) e diferentes níveis de lisina, mantendo a mesma relação aminoácidos digestíveis/lisina digestível. Foram utilizadas 420 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown, com 28 semanas de idade distribuídas em 42 parcelas experimentais. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e sete repetições, em quatro ciclos de produção de 28 dias/cada. Os tratamentos foram: Controle - 16,92% PB; 0,750% lisina digestível. Tratamentos 1 ao 5, com níveis de PB de 14% e lisina digestível de 0,600; 0,675; 0,750; 0,825 e 0,900%, respectivamente. Os níveis referentes aos tratamentos 1 e 2 (0,546 e 0,640% Met + Cis digestível / 0,600 e 0,675% de lisina digestível) proporcionaram menor tamanho do ovo; em contrapartida os ovos obtiveram maior porcentagem de casca, quando comparados à dieta controle. A exigência de lisina digestível em relação aos demais aminoácidos digestíveis, pode ser estimada em 0,750% em dieta com 14% de PB, o que corresponde ao consumo médio diário de 876 mg lisina dig. ave-1 e 798 mg Met + Cis dig. ave-1 dia-1, sem comprometer o desempenho e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos.

Egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens fed on low protein diets (14.0% CP) and on different lysine levels is evaluated, while maintaining the same ratio of digestible amino acids / digestible lysine. Four hundred and twenty commercial strain Isa Brown laying hens, 28 weeks old, were divided into 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates was employed in four production cycles of 28 days each. Treatments comprised Control - 16.92% CP; 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with CP levels 14% and digestible lysine levels 0.600, 0.675, 0.750, 0.825 and 0.900% respectively. Levels of Treatments 1 and 2 (0.546 and 0.640% digestible Met + Cys / 0.600 and 0.675% digestible lysine) provided smaller egg size. On the other hand, eggs had higher shell percentage when compared to control diet. When compared to other digestible amino acids, digestible lysine requirement may be estimated at 0.750% in a diet with 14% CP, which corresponds to the average daily intake of 876 mg dig. lysine hen-1 day-1 and 798 mg dig. Met + Cys hen-1 day-1, without jeopardizing performance and eggs' internal and external quality.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da associação de carboidrases e fitase em dietas de poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 300 poedeiras Isa Brown com 26 semanas, submetidas aos tratamentos: Controle Positivo: sem enzimas e valorização dos nutrientes; T2: valorização em 1,5 e 6% a EMA (kcal kg-1), do milho e o farelo de soja, respectivamente, e redução nos níveis nutricionais conforme a matriz nutricional para a fitase; T3: valorização da EMA do milho e o farelo de soja (idem T2) e redução nos níveis de cálcio e fósforo conforme matriz nutricional da fitase; T4: T2 suplementado com 100 g t-1 de carboidrases e 30 g t-1 de fitase; T5: T3 suplementado com 100 g t-1 de carboidrases e 30 g t-1 de fitase. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, seis repetições e parcela subdividida no tempo (6 períodos de 21 dias). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre a produção, consumo, peso dos ovos e qualidade dos ovos. A valorização dos nutrientes preconizada com a utilização das enzimas foi eficiente tecnicamente para manutenção do desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas nas condições avaliadas, necessitando de outras pesquisas com maior redução nos níveis energéticos para avaliação do efeito das enzimas sobre a disponibilidade de energia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of carbohydrases and phytase in diets of laying hens. A total of 300 Isa Brown hens at 26 weeks were submitted to the following treatments: Positive Control: without enzyme and nutrient recovery, T2: enrichment by 1.5 and 6% AME (kcal kg-1) of corn and soybean meal, respectively, and reduction in nutrient levels as the nutrient matrix for the phytase; T3: EMA enrichment of corn and soybean meal (T2 identification) and reduced levels of calcium and phosphorus as the phytase nutrient matrix; T4: T2 supplemented with 100 g ton.-1 of carbohydrases and 30 g ton.-1 of phytase; T5: T3 supplemented with 100 g ton.-1 of carbohydrases and 30 g ton.-1 of phytase. We used a randomized design, six replications and split plot in time (6 periods of 21 days each). No significant effects of treatments were observed on production, consumption, egg weight and egg quality. The enrichment of nutrients preconized by the use of enzymes were technically efficient to maintain the performance and egg quality of laying hens in the evaluated conditions, requiring further research with greater reduction in energy levels to evaluate the effect of enzymes on the availability of energy.