Abstract We conducted a socio-historical study covering the period 1979-2014 to explore the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil, drawing on Pinell’s theoretical framework for the sociological analysis of public policy. To analyze the social space, we investigated the trajectories of the agents involved in policy formulation and the relations between these agents and the national social space and field of State power. The agents were predominantly from the scientific, human rights, sexual rights, feminism and AIDS fields, and had a high level of bureaucratic and militant capital, meaning they were well-versed in LGBT health issues. The historical conditions of possibility underlying the formulation of LGBT health policy included the formalization of the State Technical Committee on LGBT Health in 2014, in an effort to improve access to comprehensive health care for vulnerable groups; and the Bahia without Homophobia plan, which helped expand dialogue around with civil society and social movements and address the main criticisms of policy making.

Resumo Com o objetivo de descrever a gênese de propostas para a saúde da população de LGBT na Bahia, foi realizado um estudo sócio histórico entre 1979 e 2014. Adotou-se as proposições de Patrice Pinell para a análise sociológica de políticas públicas. A análise do espaço social compreendeu a identificação das trajetórias dos agentes envolvidos com as propostas no estado da Bahia e as relações entre esses agentes e o espaço social nacional, assim como, o campo do poder do Estado. Na Bahia, destacaram-se agentes com trajetórias vinculadas ao campo científico, dos direitos humanos, dos direitos sexuais, do feminismo e do espaço AIDS, com alto capital burocrático e militante, que propiciou aproximação às questões relacionadas a saúde LGBT local. As condições de possibilidade que permitiram a formulação de propostas políticas baseadas na integralidade e na universalidade da atenção à saúde foram a formalização do Comitê Técnico Estadual de Saúde Integral LGBT da Bahia, em 2014, onde buscou-se ampliar a Atenção Integral à Saúde voltada às populações de maior vulnerabilidade; e o Plano Bahia sem homofobia, que permitiu ampliar o diálogo com a sociedade civil e os movimentos sociais e abarcar as principais críticas para a formulação de propostas políticas.

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

Resumo O estudo analisa a elaboração de respostas para o enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 na América Latina. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com base em análise de documentos, dados e medidas políticas adotadas ou anunciadas entre março e dezembro de 2020 em 14 países latino-americanos. A análise compreendeu a apreciação de teor, conteúdo e abrangência das medidas políticas para contenção e mitigação sanitárias e para a reorganização dos serviços de saúde identificadas nos sites governamentais. Complementarmente, incluiu-se indicadores quantitativos demográficos e relativos à situação epidemiológica e resultado do Sringency index. No geral, as respostas dos países latino-americanos foram heterogêneas, apesar de multisetoriais, caracterizando a complexidade e diversidade decisória frente à pandemia. Conclui-se que ainda há muito a refletir sobre as consequências das fragilidades normativas para a consecução das necessidades multidimensionais durante crises sanitárias.

Abstract The study analyzes the development of responses to address the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. It is a descriptive study based on an analysis of documents, data, and policy measures adopted or announced between March and December 2020 in 14 Latin American countries. The analysis included assessment of the content, tenor, and scope of policy measures for containment and mitigation, health care, and reorganization of health services identified on government websites. In addition, quantitative demographic indicators were included, as well as those related to the epidemiological situation and the result of the Stringency index. In general, the responses of Latin American countries were heterogeneous, albeit multisectoral, characterizing the complexity and diversity of decision making when confronting a pandemic. The conclusion drawn is that there is still a great deal to reflect upon with respect to the consequences of regulatory weaknesses for the achievement of multidimensional demands during health crises.

Abstract The study analyzes the development of responses to address the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. It is a descriptive study based on an analysis of documents, data, and policy measures adopted or announced between March and December 2020 in 14 Latin American countries. The analysis included assessment of the content, tenor, and scope of policy measures for containment and mitigation, health care, and reorganization of health services identified on government websites. In addition, quantitative demographic indicators were included, as well as those related to the epidemiological situation and the result of the Stringency index. In general, the responses of Latin American countries were heterogeneous, albeit multisectoral, characterizing the complexity and diversity of decision making when confronting a pandemic. The conclusion drawn is that there is still a great deal to reflect upon with respect to the consequences of regulatory weaknesses for the achievement of multidimensional demands during health crises.

Resumo O estudo analisa a elaboração de respostas para o enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 na América Latina. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com base em análise de documentos, dados e medidas políticas adotadas ou anunciadas entre março e dezembro de 2020 em 14 países latino-americanos. A análise compreendeu a apreciação de teor, conteúdo e abrangência das medidas políticas para contenção e mitigação sanitárias e para a reorganização dos serviços de saúde identificadas nos sites governamentais. Complementarmente, incluiu-se indicadores quantitativos demográficos e relativos à situação epidemiológica e resultado do Sringency index. No geral, as respostas dos países latino-americanos foram heterogêneas, apesar de multisetoriais, caracterizando a complexidade e diversidade decisória frente à pandemia. Conclui-se que ainda há muito a refletir sobre as consequências das fragilidades normativas para a consecução das necessidades multidimensionais durante crises sanitárias.

Abstract This study aimed to assess whether complementing atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with oral health educational strategies (OHES) improves the perception of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and clinical oral outcomes. A controlled clinical trial included 93 six- to eight-year-old students from five public schools of Piracicaba, Saltinho, and Charqueada municipalities (State of São Paulo, Brazil) divided into 3 groups (31 children each) which received: OHES (caries-free), ART (dental caries), and ART plus OHES (dental caries). OHRQoL (CPQ8-10-ISF:16), dental caries, biofilm control, and gingivitis were assessed before and 1 month after interventions by one calibrated examiner. OHES consisted of an educational interactive activity performed once a week for four weeks. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA, Chi-square, and Sign tests. After 1 month of follow-up, improvement in gingivitis status, OHRQoL total score, and Functional Limitations, Emotional Well-Being and Social Well-Being domains scores were found in all groups (p < 0.05). The improvement in biofilm control was observed only in the OHES group (p < 0.001; power = 0.98), while a decrease in Oral Symptoms scores was observed only in ART+OHES group (p <0.001; power = 0.99) and a significant change in the perception of oral health was observed in the two groups that received ART (p < 0.05). In conclusion, improvement in overall OHRQoL and oral status was observed in all children, although the effect of including health educational strategies in the treatment plan was determinant for the perception of an improved oral health after restorative treatment.

RESUMO O cisto odontogênico glandular (COG) é um cisto de desenvolvimento incomum que apresenta diferenciação glandular e tem potencial de recidiva. Clinicamente, é assintomático e de crescimento lento. Este relato propõe-se a descrever um caso clínico de COG diagnosticado em região posterior de mandíbula em um paciente do gênero masculino, 36 anos de idade, atendido no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica de uma universidade no nordeste do Brasil. Como tratamento, optou-se por ressecção mandibular e enxerto ósseo da crista ilíaca. Conclui-se que os parâmetros clínicos, microscópicos e radiográficos foram ferramentas essenciais na escolha do tratamento realizado.

ABSTRACT The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon developmental cyst that presents glandular differentiation and has potential for recurrence. Clinically, it is asymptomatic and it has slow growing. This report proposes to describe a clinical case of GOC diagnosed at the Service of Pathological Anatomy of a university in the northeast of Brazil, in the posterior region of the mandible, which was treated with mandibular resection and bone graft with iliac crest. One may conclude that clinical, microscopic and radiographic parameters were crucial tools for treatment choice.

RESUMEN El quiste odontogénico glandular (QOG) es un quiste del desarrollo poco frecuente que presenta diferenciación glandular y es propenso a la recurrencia. Clinicamente, es asintomático y de crecimiento lento. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso clinico de QOG diagnosticado en la región posterior de la mandíbula en un paciente masculino de 36 anos de edad, atendido en el servicio de Anatomia Patológica de una universidad en el nordeste de Brasil. Se decidió tratarlo por resección mandibular e injerto óseo de la cresta ilíaca. La conclusión a que podemos llegar es que los parâmetros clínicos, microscópicos y radiográficos fueran herramientas esencialespara la elección del tratamiento.

RESUMO O milho-pipoca apresenta alta suscetibilidade a helmintosporiose (Bipolaris maydis) (h-Bm). O melhoramento genético desta cultura deve priorizar a resistência a h-Bm e desenvolver cultivares que ofereçam maior sustentabilidade ao cultivo, principalmente em solos com escassez de fósforo (P). O P-mineral normalmente é suprido à cultura do milho pela aplicação de adubos fosfatados, produzidos a partir de fontes de minério rico em P, cujas reservas naturais se esgotarão a médio prazo. Com o objetivo de selecionar genótipos de milho-pipoca resistentes a h-Bm e com maior capacidade de aproveitamento de fósforo (P), este trabalho avaliou a incidência e a severidade a h-Bm de 25 linhagens (S7) de milho-pipoca, cultivadas em ambientes de alto e baixo fósforo. Houve interação significativa entre genótipo (linhagem) e adubação de P para resistência a h-Bm, expressa pelos valores de severidade da doença na folha da primeira espiga. Observou-se variabilidade genética quanto à resistência a doença. A análise de incidência identifica as Linhagens L-65 L-69, L-70 e L-76 como genótipos potencialmente resistentes, apresentando baixos valores médios de h-Bm. A avaliação de severidade, no entanto, apresenta como potencialmente resistentes, as linhagens L-69, L-76, P-3 e P-7 tanto em ambiente com adubação de P quanto em ambiente sem a adubação. A união das informações obtidas mostra que as linhagens L-69, L-76 foram as que tiveram melhor desempenho quanto a resistência em ambos os ambientes. Conclui-se que a resistência genética a h-Bm pode, de algum modo, correlacionar-se com a resposta a adubação de P no plantio, em solos de baixa fertilidade natural.

ABSTRACT Popcorn culture is highly susceptible to helminthosporiosis (Bipolaris maydis) (h-Bm). The genetic breeding of this culture should prioritize resistance to h-Bm and develop cultivars that offer greater crop sustainability, especially in soils with phosphorus (P) scarcity. P-mineral is usually supplied to maize culture by the application of phosphate fertilizers, which are produced from mineral sources rich in P, the natural reserves of which will be depleted in the medium term. With the aim of selecting popcorn genotypes resistant to h-Bm and with higher P utilization capacity, the present study evaluated h-Bm incidence and severity for 25 popcorn lines (S7) cultivated under high and low phosphorus conditions. There was a significant interaction between genotype (lines) and P fertilization for h-Bm resistance, expressed as disease severity values in the first ear leaf. There was genetic variability for disease resistance. The incidence analysis identifies the lines L-65 L-69, L-70 and L-76 as potentially resistant genotypes, presenting low mean values of h-Bm. The severity analysis, however, presents L-69, L-76, P-3 and P-7 genotypes as potentially resistant in environments with fertilization and without fertilization. The obtained data show that the lines L-69 and L-76 had the best resistance performance in both environments. The genetic resistance to h-Bm can somehow correlate with the response to P fertilization at planting in soils with low natural fertility.

Abstract Objective: To perform the transcultural adaptation to Brazil and validation of the Halitosis Associated Life-quality Test (HALT) for use in adolescents. Material and Methods: Students aged 12 to 15 years, of both sexes, with healthy permanent dentition, attending public schools in Piracicaba, Brazil, were selected for this study. The HALT was translated, backtranslated, reviewed by an expert committee and submitted to a pre-test. In the first phase (n = 13), 15% of the sample did not understand items 2, 12 and 15; therefore, these items were reformulated and resubmitted to 13 adolescents. The version with a sociocultural adaptation was self-applied by 56 adolescents (64% females, 13.4 ± 1.0 years), of whom 25 participated in the test-retest. The presence of visible biofilm, gingival bleeding, calculus and tongue coating, was evaluated. Self-perception of halitosis after exhalation/breathing was assessed by a single question. Results: The HALT score ranged from 0 to 62 points (mean = 10.1±13.4) and the floor effect was 5.4%. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and reproducibility was moderate (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.59). Individuals with “excessive” tongue coating had a higher HALT score than those with mild and/or moderate coating (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that only the male sex was related to a higher HALT score (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the HALT was easily understood by adolescents. Those with greater tongue coating accumulation reported more frequently the presence of halitosis, which was only associated to male sex.

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a atuação do psicólogo escolar junto aos professores frente à Educação Inclusiva. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa do tipo exploratório-descritiva. Os participantes foram dez psicólogos escolares que atuavam em instituições privadas de ensino. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. O procedimento de análise de dados utilizado foi a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos implicaram em três categorias: demandas inclusivas direcionadas ao psicólogo escolar; atividades desenvolvidas pelo psicólogo escolar junto aos professores; e resultados da atuação do psicólogo escolar junto aos professores. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de demandas inclusivas comportamentais, acadêmicas e de manejo familiar direcionada pelo professor ao psicólogo escolar; o desenvolvimento de práticas profissionais tanto de cunho resolutivo como preventivo pelo psicólogo escolar; e a atuação do psicólogo escolar junto aos professores frente à Educação Inclusiva foi percebida como benéfica, principalmente no que se refere a aspectos de evolução do aluno, de mudanças atitudinais dos professores e de diminuição de demandas direcionadas ao Serviço de Psicologia Escolar.

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to analyze the performance of the school psychologist with teachers in relation to Inclusive Education. The methodology used was qualitative of the exploratory-descriptive type. The participants were ten school psychologists who worked in private educational institutions. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interview script. The data analysis procedure used was content analysis. The results could be divided into three categories: inclusive demands addressed to the school psychologist; activities developed by the school psychologist together with teachers; and results of the performance of the school psychologist with the teachers. The results evidenced the existence of inclusive behavior, academic and family management demands directed by the teacher to the school psychologist; the development of professional practices of both resolutive and preventive nature by the school psychologist; and the performance of the school psychologist along with teachers regarding Inclusive Education was perceived as beneficial, especially in relation to aspects of student evolution, attitudinal changes of teachers and reduction of demands addressed to the School Psychology Service.

A simple and low cost experiment is proposed to chemistry students associating the Photodynamic Activity involving Chemical and Biochemical concepts. The inclusion of this experiment in undergraduate courses in Chemistry promotes interdisciplinarity and contextualization, combining current and relevant topics to the teaching of program content. The experiment used the Methylene Blue and Erythrosine B as dyes to demonstrate the photodynamic action of these photosensitizers in the inhibition of microbial growth. Both dyes presented satisfactory results against environmental microorganisms. The growth inhibition was caused exclusively by the photochemical processes undergone by the dye/light/oxygen, with LED light exposure.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da microabrasão prévia na alteração de cor dos dentes e na efetividade do clareamento dental. Oito molares hígidos foram mesio-distalmente seccionados e as metades foram aleatoriamente alocadas para receberem microabrasão do esmalte ou nenhuma abrasão (controle) em uma das faces (vestibular ou lingual), enquanto que a face remanescente recebeu o outro tratamento. A cor inicial dos dentes foi avaliada com um espectrofotômetro (sistema CieL*a*b). Após o procedimento de microabrasão, a cor do dente foi reavaliada. Em seguida, as amostras foram clareadas com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% por duas sessões com uma semana de intervalo. A cor foi reavaliada 7 dias após cada sessão e 30 dias após a segunda sessão. O efeito da microabrasão do esmalte na mudança de cor foi avaliado pelo teste T pareado. Deltas L*, a*, b* e E foram calculados e os dados submetidos a ANOVA de duas vias para medidas repetidas e teste de Tukey. Teste T pareado também foi usado para verificar possíveis diferenças na cor final alcançada com o clareamento dental. A microabrasão do esmalte reduziu a luminosidade e aumentou a tonalidade vermelha nas amostras. Amostras submetidas a microabrasão apresentaram maiores valores de ∆L* que o controle após cada procedimento clareador, e maior ∆a* após a 2ª sessão de clareamento. Entretanto, a microabrasão prévia do esmalte não afetou os valores finais dos parâmetros de cor. Apesar da microabraão do esmalte ter alterado a cor dental, este procedimento não afetou os resultados finais alcançados com o clareamento dental usando alta concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior microabrasion on the teeth color change and tooth bleaching effectiveness. Eight sound molars were mesio-distally sectioned and the halves were randomly allocated to receive enamel microabrasion or non-abrasion (control) in one of surfaces (buccal or lingual), while the remaining surface received the other treatment. The tooth color on baseline was evaluated by spectrophotometer (CieL*a*b system). After the microabrasion procedure, the tooth color was measured again. Following, the specimens were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for two sessions with one-week interval. The color was re-evaluated 7 days after each section and 30 days after the second session. The effect of enamel microabrasion on color changes was evaluated by paired T-test. Deltas L*, a*, b*, and E were calculated and data submitted to 2-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Tukey`s test. Paired T-test was also used to assess possible differences on the ultimate color achieved after tooth bleaching. Enamel microabrasion reduced the lightness and increased the redness of specimens. Specimens that received microabrasion presented higher values of ∆L* than control after each bleaching procedure; and higher ∆a* after the 2nd bleaching session. However, the prior enamel microabrasion did not affect the ultimate values of color parameters. Despite enamel microabrasion have modified the tooth color, this procedure did not affect the ultimate results achieved with tooth bleaching using a high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide.