Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to “stay at home” restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS: Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS: A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to “stay at home” restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS: Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS: A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.

O lóbulo de orelha ocupa posição única entre as estruturas da face e é uma região importantíssima na composição estética da orelha. A idade altera o formato, a largura e o comprimento do lóbulo, em decorrência da flacidez dos tecidos e, assim, fica em desarmonia de proporção com outros elementos estéticos da orelha, exigindo correção. Muito pouco tem sido descrito para orientar o cirurgião no rejuvenescimento da orelha. A correção do lóbulo envelhecido pode ser feita isoladamente ou em combinação com uma cirurgia de rejuvenescimento facial, bem como em ritidoplastias secundárias por lóbulo inadequadamente preso à face. A cirurgia é bastante simples, de recuperação rápida, com resultados interessantes. O objetivo básico do trabalho consiste na descrição da técnica de rejuvenescimento do lóbulo da orelha e suas indicações. O posicionamento estratégico da cicatriz final em continuidade com uma depressão anatômica da orelha, que é a escafa, e ocultada pelo antitrágus garante resultado final adequado, com cicatrizes pouco aparentes. A técnica descrita representa uma opção tática para reformular e rejuvenescer a orelha.

The earlobe occupies a unique position among the structures of the face and is a very important region in aesthetic composition of the ear. The age alters the shape, width and length of the lobe due to sagging tissue and thus is at odds ratio with other aesthetic elements of the ear, requiring correction. Very little has been described to guide the surgeon in rejuvenating the ear. The correction aged lobe can be made alone or in combination with surgery of facial rejuvenation, as well as by secondary lobe rhytidoplasties inadequately secured to the face. The surgery is fairly simple, rapid recovery, with interesting results. The basic aim of the work is the description of the technique and its indications. The strategic positioning of the final scar in continuity with a depression anatomical ear that is escafa, and hidden by antitragus ensures a proper outcome, with little apparent scars. The technique described is a tactical option to reshape and rejuvenate the ear.

INTRODUÇÃO: A deformidade tuberosa da mama é uma rara entidade, descrita por Rees e Aston em 1976. O desenvolvimento mamário encontra-se alterado, com herniação do parênquima pelo complexo areolopapilar, alargamento dessa estrutura e hipoplasia do tecido mamário, principalmente nos quadrantes inferiores. A mama, portanto, adquire um aspecto tubular ao invés do aspecto cônico natural. MÉTODO: No total, 4 pacientes foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico em um único tempo, com incisões combinadas: inframamária e periareolar. Detalhes técnicos devem ser individualizados para cada caso, conforme a gravidade e a classificação do tipo de mama tuberosa. RESULTADOS: O procedimento cirúrgico utilizado aborda todos os aspectos da deformidade da mama tuberosa em operação de um estágio. Cirurgia de revisão de cicatriz periareolar não foi necessária em nenhum caso. Em todos os casos, obteve-se resultado estético final aceitável e com satisfação da paciente e do cirurgião. O procedimento adotado não interfere em lactações futuras. CONCLUSÕES: A mama tuberosa representa um verdadeiro desafio terapêutico. A técnica utilizada é muito atraente e mostra resultados confiáveis e reprodutíveis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberous breast deformity is a rare entity, first described by Rees and Aston in 1976. In this condition, breast development is altered, with herniation of the parenchyma through the nipple-areolar complex, enlargement of this structure, and hypoplasia of the breast tissue, especially in the lower quadrants. The breast thus acquires a tubular shape rather than the natural conical look. METHODS: Four patients underwent a single surgical treatment, with combined inframammary and periareolar incisions. Technical details must be individualized for each case depending on the severity and classification type of the tuberous breasts. RESULTS: The surgical procedure used covers all aspects of tuberous breast deformity in a single-stage operation. Revision of periareolar surgery scar was not necessary in any case. In all cases, the final aesthetic result was satisfactory for the patient and the surgeon. The procedure adopted does not interfere with future lactation. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberous breast represents a real therapeutic challenge. The technique reported herein is very attractive and provides reliable and reproducible results.

O objetivo foi comparar e correlacionar, histológica e eletromiograficamente, os efeitos do sepultamento parcial de segmentos de nervo sural em nervos ciáticos de rato, seccionados e suturados. Sessenta ratos adultos, da linhagem Wistar, foram operados em três Grupos: Grupo 1 , um segmento de nervo sural com 9mm. de comprimento colocado próximo à neurorrafia; Grupo 2 , um segmento de nervo sural com 9mm. de comprimento sepultado 10mm. distante da neurorrafia ; Grupo 3, um enxerto de nervo sural com 18mm. de comprimento, posicionado próximo à neurorrafia. Os pormenores histológicos foram examinados sob microscopia de luz em 45 ratos, 3 meses depois. Os elementos observados foram : vascularização, vacúolos nas fibras nervosas, mastócitos e infiltrado inflamatório. A morfometria foi realizada, após 6 meses, em 15 ratos dos Grupos 1, 2 e 3, medindo-se os diâmetros externos e contando-se as fibras nervosas mielinizadas por mm². O estudo eletrofisiológico foi feito após 6 meses, registrando a amplitude máxima e a freqüência dos potenciais eletromiográficos no músculo extensor longo dos dedos, em repouso. Os ratos do Grupo 3 apresentaram-se morfologicamente melhor conservados e com diâmetros de fibras maiores do que nos Grupos 1 e 2. Não houve diferença na densidade de fibras/mm² e no estudo eletrofisiológico entre os ratos dos Grupos 1 , 2 e 3. O sepultamento epineural de segmentos de nervo sural com maior comprimento e colocados próximos à neurorrafia apresentaram pormenores morfológicos de regeneração significantemente melhores do que os menores e posicionados distantes da sutura do nervo.

The aim of the present study was to compare and correlate histologically and electromyographically the effects of partial epineural burying of sural nerve segments in sectioned and sutured rat sciatic nerves. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were operated on 3 groups: Group 1, sural nerve graft, 9mm long, placed next to neurorrhaphy; Group 2, sural nerve graft, 9mm long, buryied 10mm distant from neurorrhaphy; Group 3, sural nerve graft, 18mm long, set next to neurorrhaphy. The morphological features were examined at light microscope after 3 months in 45 rats. The elements observed were: vascularization, vacuoles in nerve fibers, mastocytes and inflammatory infiltrate. The morphometry was made after 6 months in 15 rats from Group 1, 2 and 3, measuring external nerve fiber diameters and counting myelinated nerve fibers/mm². The electrophysiological study was perfomed after 6 months, registering maximum amplitude and frequency of EMG pontentials, at rest, in extensor digitorum longus muscle. Group 3 rats presented sciatic nerves better conserved morphologically and mean external nerve fiber diameters greater than those from Groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in density of nerve fibers/mm², and in the electrophysiological study in rats from Group 1, 2 and 3. The epineural burying of sural nerve grafts with greater length and placed next to the neurorrhaphy’s site had a significantly better regeneration of the histological features than the smaller ones distant from neurorrhaphy.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é comparar e correlacionar as integrações de segmento de nervo em nervos gravemente esmagados. Foram utilizados 10 ratos adultos da linhagem Wistar. Os nervos ciáticos direitos foram esmagados, por uma pinça de "Péan-Murphy", por 40 minutos. No Grupo 1 (n=20), executou-se um ressecção segmentar no nervo ciático esmagado e um segmento de nervo sural, retirado da pata contra-lateral, foi colocado na falha. No Grupo2 (n=20), uma incisão longitudinal no epineuro do nervo lesado foi realizada. Um segmento de nervo sural foi sepultado sob o epineuro. Os nervos ciáticos esmagados desenvolveram degeneração Wallerina e fibrose endoneural. Os nervos ciáticos do Grupo2 apresentaram pormenores histológicos melhores do que os do grupo 1. Os enxertos de nervo sural apresentaram melhores graus de regeneração do que os dos nervos ciáticos esmagados. Os enxertos de nervo sural do Grupo 2 (método de sepultamento) intagraram-se tão bem quanto os do Grupo 1 (ressecção segmentar).

The aim of the present paper is to compare and correlate the take of nerve segments in a severely crushed nerve. Forty adult Wistar rats had their right sciatic nerve by a "Péan-Murphy" forceps for 40 minutes. In Group 1 (n=20), a segmentar serection in the crushed sciatic nerve was made. A sural nerve segment from the opposite hindpaw was placed in the gap. In Group 2 (n=20), a lontudinal insision in the epineurium of the lesioned sciatic nerve was made. A sural nerve segment was buried underneath the epineurium. The crushed sciatic nerves undergone Wallerian degeneration and endoneurial fibrosis. Sciatic nerves from Group 2 had significant better histological aspects than those from Group 1. Sural nerve grafts presented better degrees of regeneration than crushed sciatic nerves. Sural nerve grafts from Group 2 (burying method) integrated as well as those from Group 1 (segmentar resection).