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FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes (pts) com doença coronariana (DAC) estável podem se beneficiar de menor pressão arterial (PA), conforme estudos recentes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e a tolerabilidade da combinação fixa anlodipino + enalaprila, comparada a anlodipino na normalização da PA diastólica (PAD) (< 85 mmHg), em pts com DAC e HAS. MÉTODOS: Estudo duplo-cego, randomizado, com dois grupos de pts com PAD > 90 e <110 mmHg e DAC. Excluímos os com FEVE < 40%; sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca ou angina classe III e IV; doenças graves e PAD > 110 mmHg durante o wash-out de quatro semanas, em uso só de atenolol. Após wash-out randomizamos para combinação (A) ou anlodipino (B) e seguimos de quatro em quatro semanas até 98 dias. As doses (mg) iniciais foram, respectivamente: A- 2,5/10 e B- 2,5, sendo incrementadas se PAD> 85mmHg, nas visitas. Estatística com χ2, Fischer e análise de variância, para p< 0,05. RESULTADOS:de 110 pts selecionados, randomizamos 72 (A= 32, B= 40). As reduções da PAD e da PA sistólica (PAS) foram intensas (p< 0,01), mas sem diferenças entre os grupos em mmHg: PAS, A (127,7 ± 13,4) e B (125,3 ± 12,6) (p= 0,45) e PAD, A (74,5 ± 6,7 mmHg) e B (75,5 ± 6,7 mmHg) (p= 0,32). Houve menos edema de membros inferiores no A (7,1% vs 30,6%, p=0,02) no 98º dia. CONCLUSÃO: A combinação fixa de enalaprila com anlodipino, tal qual anlodipino isolado, em pts com DAC e HAS estágios I e II foi eficaz na normalização da pressão, adicionando bloqueio ao sistema renina-angiotensina.

BACKGROUND: Patients (pts) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) can benefit from a decrease in the blood pressure (BP), according to recent studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination: amlodipine + enalapril, when compared to amlodipine in the normalization of the diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) (<85 mmHg), in pts with CAD and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). METHODS: Double-blind and randomized study, with two groups of pts with DAP >90 and <110 mmHg and CAD. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, symptoms of heart failure or angina class III and IV, severe diseases and DAP >110 mmHg during the four-week wash-out with atenolol treatment alone, were excluded. After the wash-out, pts were randomly distributed for the use of the combination (A) or amlodipine (B) and were followed every four weeks up to 98 days. The initial doses (in mg) were, respectively: A- 2.5/10 and B- 2.5; the doses were increased when DAP > 85mmHg, at the visits. Statistical analysis was carried out with χ2, Fischer and analysis of variance, for p< 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 110 selected pts, 72 (A= 32, B= 40) were randomized. The decreases in DAP and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were significant (p< 0.01), but with no difference between the groups in mmHg: SAP, A (127.7 ± 13.4) and B (125.3 ± 12.6) (p= 0.45) and DAP, A (74.5 ± 6.7 mmHg) and B (75.5 ± 6.7 mmHg) (p= 0.32). Group A presented a lower incidence of lower-limb edema: (7.1% vs 30.6%, p=0.02) on the 98th day of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The fixed combination of enalapril and amlodipine, as well as isolated amlodipine, was effective in the normalization of BP in pts with CAD and SAH stages I and II, adding blockage of the renin-angiotensin system.

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes (pts) con enfermedad coronaria (EAC) estable pueden beneficiarse con una menor presión arterial (PA), de acuerdo con estudios recientes. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y la tolerancia de la combinación fija amlodipino + enalapril, comparada a el amlodipino en la normalización de la PA diastólica (PAD) (< 85 mmHg), en pts con EAC y HAS. MÉTODOS: Estudio doble ciego, randomizado, con dos grupos de pts con PAD >90 y <110 mmHg y EAC. Excluimos a los pts con FEVI < 40%; síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca o angina clase III y IV; enfermedades graves y PAD >110 mmHg durante el wash-out de cuatro semanas, en uso sólo de atenolol. Después del wash-out randomizamos para combinación (A) o amlopidino (B) y seguimos de cuatro en cuatro semanas hasta 98 días. Las dosis (mg) iniciales fueron, respectivamente: A- 2,5/10 y B- 2,5, siendo incrementadas si PAD> 85mmHg, en las visitas. Estadística con χ2, Fischer y análisis de varianza, para p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: De un total de 110 pts seleccionados, randomizamos a 72 (A= 32, B= 40). Las reducción de la PAD y de la PA sistólica (PAS) fueron intensas (p< 0,01), pero sin diferencias entre los grupos en mmHg: PAS, A (127,7 ± 13,4) y B (125,3 ± 12,6) (p= 0,45) y PAD, A (74,5 ± 6,7 mmHg) y B (75,5 ± 6,7 mmHg) (p= 0,32). Se registró menos edema de miembros inferiores en el A (7,1% vs 30,6%, p=0,02) en el 98º día. CONCLUSIÓN: La combinación fija de enalapril con amlodipino, tal como el amlodipino aislado, en pts con EAC y HAS estadios I y II fue eficaz en la normalización de la presión, agregando un bloqueo al sistema renina-angiotensina.

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Isquemia silenciosa na doença coronariana estável em vigência de tratamento medicamentoso
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Ferreira, João Fernando Monteiro

; César, Luiz Antonio Machado

; Gruppi, César J.

; Giorgi, Dante M. A.

; Hueb, Whady A.

; Mansur, Antonio P.

; Ramires, José A. F.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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nov 2007, Volume 89 N. 5 Pages 312 - 318

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

FUNDAMENTO: Existem poucos dados sobre comportamento da isquemia miocárdica às atividades habituais na vigência da medicação em pacientes com doença coronariana. OBJETIVO: Estudar mecanismo gerador da isquemia miocárdica avaliando-se o comportamento da pressão arterial e da freqüência cardíaca em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica estável, medicados e com evidência de isquemia. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta pacientes (40 homens) realizaram ambulatorialmente por 24 horas a monitorização eletrocardiográfica sincronizada com a monitorização da pressão arterial. RESULTADOS: Em 17 pacientes detectaram-se 35 episódios de isquemia miocárdica, com duração total de 146,3 minutos, ocorrendo relato de angina em cinco casos. Houve 29 episódios (100,3 minutos) durante o período de vigília, com 11 episódios (35,3+3,7 min) no período das 11 às 15 horas. A avaliação da pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca nos três intervalos de 10 minutos posteriores ao momento de isquemia mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05), o que não ocorreu nos três intervalos anteriores. Entretanto, durante o momento isquêmico, percebeu-se elevação maior que 10 mmHg da pressão arterial e de cinco batimentos por minuto da freqüência cardíaca quando comparado ao intervalo de tempo entre 20 e 10 minutos anterior. A freqüência cardíaca média no início da isquemia durante teste ergométrico prévio ao estudo foi de 118,2+14,0, e de 81,1+20,8 batimentos por minuto na eletrocardiografia de 24 horas (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de isquemia silenciosa é freqüente na doença coronária estável, relacionando-se com alterações da pressão arterial e da freqüência cardíaca, com diferentes limiares de isquemia para o mesmo paciente.

BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the behavior of myocardial ischemia during daily activities in patients with coronary artery disease receiving antianginal drug therapy. OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism generating myocardial ischemia by evaluating blood pressure and heart rate changes in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease receiving drug therapy and with evidence of myocardial ischemia. METHODS: Fifty non-hospitalized patients (40 males) underwent 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring synchronized with blood pressured monitoring. RESULTS: Thirty five episodes of myocardial ischemia were detected in 17 patients, with a total duration of 146.3 minutes; angina was reported in five cases. Twenty nine episodes (100.3 minutes) occurred during wakefulness, with 11 episodes (35.3 + 3.7 min) in the period from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. Blood pressure and heart rate evaluation in the three ten-minute intervals following the ischemic episodes showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05), unlike that shown for the three intervals preceding the episodes. However, during the ischemic episode, a higher than 10-mmHg elevation in blood pressure and 5 beats per minute in heart rate were observed when compared with the time interval between 20 and 10 minutes before the episode. The mean heart rate at the onset of ischemia during the exercise test performed before the study was 118.2 + 14.0, and 81.1 + 20.8 beats per minute on the 24-hour electrocardiogram (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of silent myocardial ischemia is high in stable coronary artery disease and is related to alterations in blood pressure and heart rate, with different thresholds for ischemia for the same patient.

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Freqüência cardíaca e risco cardiovascular
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César, Luiz Antonio Machado

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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oct 2007, Volume 53 N. 5 Pages 456 - 459

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A freqüência cardíaca (FC) também está no centro das determinantes do tempo de vida dos seres vivos animais. Há quase uma constante quando se multiplica a FC pelo número de anos que, em média, vive um animal. O ser humano também tem correlações interessantes de tempo de vida e FC, com estudos epidemiológicos demonstrando maior sobrevivência naqueles com menor FC em repouso, hipertensos, com doença coronariana e na população geral. Neste artigo, revemos estes estudos epidemiológicos e a perspectiva de se, de fato reduzindo a FC, poderemos aumentar o tempo de vida, no caso dos pacientes com doença cardiovascular, de forma independente de outros fatores.

Heart rate (HR) is known to be one of the factors that in the animal world are related to mortality. When one multiplies resting HR by the average life time, for each animal species, the result is almost the same number, similar to a constant. Apparently, each class of living beings has its "maximal number of heart beats for a life". Herein considerations are made about the relationship between HR and survival in human beings. Some epidemiological studies are reviewed, especially those related to cardiovascular and coronary diseases correlated to deaths and discussions are directed towards the perspective of living longer by lowering the HR.

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10.

Corrente If e o controle da freqüência cardíaca
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César, Luiz Antonio Machado

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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apr 2007, Volume 88 N. 4 Pages e99 - e102

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

27115 downloads

11.

Diretrizes de doença coronariana crônica angina estável
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César, Luiz Antonio Machado

; Mansur, Antonio de Pádua

; Armaganijan, Dikran

; Amino, José Geraldo

; Sousa, Antônio Carlos

; Simão, Antonio Felipe

; Brito, Augusto Xavier de

; Caramelli, Bruno

; Vianna, Caio de Brito

; Pastore, Carlos Alberto

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Oliveira, César Cardoso de

; Meneghetti, Cláudio

; Calderaro, Daniella

; Albuquerque, Denilson Campos de

; Stefanini, Edson

; Martinez Filho, Eulógio E.

; Feres, Fausto

; Dohmann, Hans Fernando Rocha

; Pierri, Humberto

; Schneider, Jamil Cherem

; Cade, Jamil Ribeiro

; Tsutsui, Jeane Mike

; Ferreira, João Fernando Monteiro

; Torres, Kerginaldo

; Atanes, Luciano

; Dallan, Luis Alberto

; Simão, Luiz Felipe

; Goldwak, Luiz Henrique

; Moretti, Miguel Antonio

; Coelho, Otavio Rizzi

; Albuquerque, Pedro Ferreira de

; Leão, Pedro Puech

; Santos, Raul D.

; Marino, Roberto Luiz

; Meneghello, Romeu

; Oliveira, Sérgio Almeida de

; Montenegro, Sérgio

; Vaz, Vinicius Daher

; Hueb, Whady Armindo

; Mathias Junior, Wilson

; Guimarães, Jorge Ilha

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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sep 2004, Volume 83 Suppl. 2 Pages 2 - 43

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

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12.

Coronary heart disease clinical manifestation and risk factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendents in the city of São Paulo
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Amato, Reynaldo Vicente

; César, Luiz Antonio Machado

; Mansur, Antonio de Pádua

; Hueb, Whady Armindo

; Martins, José Renato Martines

; Vianna, Caio de Brito

; Ramires, José Antonio Franchini

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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sep 2003, Volume 81 N. 3 Pages 234 - 238

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a difference exists in coronary heart disease clinical manifestations and the prevalence of risk factors between Japanese immigrants and their descendents in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of coronary artery disease clinical manifestations and the prevalence of risk factors, comparing 128 Japanese immigrants (Japanese group) with 304 Japanese descendents (Nisei group). RESULTS: The initial manifestation of the disease was earlier in the Nisei group (mean = 53 years), a difference of 12 years when compared with that in the Japanese group (mean = 65 years) (P<0.001). Myocardial infarction was the first manifestation in both groups (P = 0.83). The following parameters were independently associated with early coronary events: smoking (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.35-3.77; P<0.002); Nisei group (OR = 10.22; 95% CI = 5.64-18.5; P<0.001); and female sex (OR = 5.04; 95% CI = 2.66-9.52; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of coronary heart disease in the Japanese and their descendents in the city of São Paulo was similar, but coronary heart disease onset occurred approximately 12 years earlier in the Nisei group than in the Japanese group.

3395 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Trends in death from circulatory diseases in Brazil between 1979 and 1996
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Mansur, Antonio de Padua

; Favarato, Desidério

; Souza, Maria de Fátima Marinho de

; Avakian, Solange Desirée

; Aldrighi, José Mendes

; César, Luiz Antonio Machado

; Ramires, José Antonio Franchini

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jun 2001, Volume 76 N. 6 Pages 504 - 510

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trends in mortality due to circulatory diseases in men and women aged > or = 30 years in Brazil from 1979 to 1996. METHODS: We analyzed population count data obtained from the IBGE Foundation and mortality data obtained from the System of Information on Mortality of the DATASUS of the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: Circulatory diseases, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease were the major causes of death in men and women in Brazil. The standardized age coefficient for circulatory disease in men aged > or = 30 years ranged from 620 to 506 deaths/100,000 inhabitants and in women from 483 to 383 deaths/100,000 inhabitants for the years 1979 and 1996, respectively. In men, the mean coefficient for the period was 586.25 deaths with a significant trend towards a decrease (P<0.001) and a decline of 8.25 deaths/year. In women, the mean coefficient for the period was 439.58 deaths, a significant trend towards a decrease (P<0.001) and a rate of decline of 7.53 deaths/year. The same significant trend towards a decrease in death (P<0.001) was observed for ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Risk of death from these causes was always higher for men of any age group (P<0.001). Cerebrovascular disease was the primary cause of death in women. CONCLUSION: Although circulatory diseases have been the major cause of mortality in men and women in the Brazilian population, with a greater participation by cerebrovascular diseases, a trend towards a decrease in the risk of death from these causes is being observed.

1977 downloads Cited 9 times in SciELO

14.

Trombose em artérias coronárias normais causando infarto agudo do miocárdio em paciente alcoólatra
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Pamplona, David

; Barduco, Marcello

; Vieira, Marcelo Luis C.

; Forlenza, Luciano

; César, Luiz Antonio Machado

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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sep 1997, Volume 69 N. 3 Pages 185 - 188

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Paciente jovem, etilista, que sofreu infarto agudo do miocárdio. Após terapêutica trombolítica sem sucesso, a cineangiocoronariografia na fase aguda evidenciava trombos em múltiplas artérias. Um 2º CATE, realizado no 7º dia de internação revelou coronárias normais. Não havia nenhum distúrbio do metabolismo lipídico, assim como outro fator de risco de doença arterial coronária, a não ser o fato de ser tabagista de oito a 10 cigarros ao dia, há dois anos, o que nos levou a acreditar que o abuso de álcool etílico possa ter contribuído para esse evento.

A case of a young patient, heavy drinker, who suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and whose cinecoronariography, early post unsuccessful intravenous thrombolysis, showed the presence of thrombi in multiple arteries is reported. A second cinecoronariography performed on the 7th day post AMI revealed normal coronary arteries. There were no plasmatic lipid or coagulation abnormalities, nor other risk factors for coronary artery disease. We speculate about the role of the heavy alcohol ingestion in this particular case.

9607 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

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